Combining AVHRR imagery with CORINE Land Cover data to observe forest fires and to assess their consequences

This paper describes an operational application of AVHRR satellite imagery in combination with the satellite-based land cover database CORINE Land Cover (CLC) for the comprehensive observation and follow-up of 10000 fire outbreaks and of their consequences in Greece during summer 2000. In the first stage, we acquired and processed satellite images on a daily basis with the aim of smoke-plume tracking and fire-core detection at the national level. Imagery was acquired eight times per day and derived from all AVHRR spectral channels. In the second stage, we assessed the consequences of fire on vegetation by producing a burnt-area map on the basis of multi-annual normalised vegetation indices using AVHRR data in combination with CLC. In the third stage we used again CLC to assess the land cover of burnt areas in the entire country. The results compared successfully to available inventories for that year. Burnt area was estimated with an accuracy ranging from 88% to 95%, depending on the predominant land cover type. These results, along with the low cost and high temporal resolution of AVHRR satellite imagery, suggest that the combination of low-resolution satellite data with harmonised CLC data can be applied operationally for forest fire and post-fire assessments at the national and at a pan-European level.     

西太平洋海域卫星测高重力垂直梯度分布

从地球重力场基本理论出发,推导了重力垂直梯度计算的数值积分公式,并利用由多颗测高卫星联合反演的2'×2'海洋重力异常资料,解算了西太平洋海域重力垂直梯度.将计算所得的重力异常垂直梯度与现有资料进行比较,其差值均方根为±10.08E,表明两者精度相当.此外,还对差值大小和空间分布进行了深入分析.     

月球探测摄影测量数据处理系统方案分析

本文提出了月球摄影测量数据处理系统的设计原则，探讨了月球摄影测量数据处理系统的组成和研究的内容，分析了在月球探测摄影测量数据处理中，首先应该解决的关键技术问题。结论：对月球探测摄影测量数据处理系统的研究，可以保障月球探测卫星工程测绘月球表面三维影像图及地形图任务的完成，同时，也可以为后续的月球探测计划提供摄影测量的基础理论、技术、方法和实践经验。     

卫星自主完好性监测技术

介绍了卫星导航定位系统完好性监测的主要技术手段,阐述了完好性监测技术对卫星导航定位系统的作用和影响.针对卫星自主完好性监测的性能需求和地基完好性监测的技术现状,参考国外最新卫星载荷情况,提出了通过接收卫星导航信号旁后瓣能量进行卫星自主完好性监测的实现方案.通过技术分析,得出了该方案是经济可行的结论.提出了我国卫星导航定位系统建设应具备或应具有扩展卫星自主完好性监测能力的建议.     

鄂尔多斯北缘断陷盆地区强震孕育的卫星遥感影像研究

利用多时相、多波段卫星图像,研究1979年五原6.0级地震、1989年大同-阳高6.1级地震和1996年包头西6.4级地震震区的构造活动信息,结合前人的烈度调查资料,探讨这些强震发生的地质构造环境。研究表明:1979年五原6.0级地震发生在NE向海子堰断裂与NW向五原西断裂交会的部位。五原6.0级地震高烈度区等震线长轴呈NE向,与海子堰断裂一致,是五原地震的发震构造。1996年包头西6.4级地震发生在由陡崖和沟槽地貌显示的NEE向乌拉山北缘断裂与NW向新生砂石厂断裂交会的部位。包头西6.4级地震高烈度区等震线长轴呈NE向,与乌拉山北缘断裂接近,该断裂是包头西6.4级地震的发震构造。2次地震高烈度区长轴与低烈度区长轴走向相差近90°,这是因为除发震构造外,烈度区还受一组与之交会的共轭断裂活动的影响。1989年大同-阳高6.1级地震,发生在从六棱山腹地向大同-阳高盆地延伸的NNE向大王村-西要泉断裂上,该断裂是大同-阳高地震的发震构造     

三颗感受或(和)测量地球引力场的卫星 ——CHAMP、GRACE、GOCE

描述了三颗引力卫星CHAMP、GRACE和GOCE的工作原理, 介绍了重要的以及最新的利用GRACE数据建立的全球重力场模型EIGEN-CG01C、GGM02。     

VAST卫星通信信道的调试与应用

我局VAST卫星地球站2004年10月搬迁至新办公楼并投入正常运行,本文作者结合卫星小站搬迁过程的体会及学习,着重介绍了卫星通信信道的调试与应用。     

Impacts of land use and fire on the loss and degradation of lowland forest in 1983–2000 in East Kutai District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Deforestation and forest degradation are proceeding rapidly in the lowland forests of Indonesian Borneo. Time series analysis of satellite imagery provides an ideal means of quantifying landscape change and identifying the pathways which lead to the changes. This study investigates the forest and land cover changes by classifying Landsat MSS (Multispectral Scanner), TM (Thematic Mapper) and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) images over three time periods (1983–90, 1990–98, and 1998–2000), creating land cover maps for each year and change trajectories for each year-pair. The study area chosen covers an area of 2160 km² of undulating topography and alluvial plains in the East Kutai District of East Kalimantan Province, which in the 1980s was covered mostly with lowland dipterocarp forest; today the landscape is a patchwork dominated by oil palm and timber plantations and degraded forest. We relate land cover change data to land use allocation and to fire impacts based on fire hotspot distribution and fire damage information. The multidate land cover change trajectories provide an insight into the forest loss and degradation pathways over the 17-year period spanning the first entry of commercial logging concessionaires, followed by a government-sponsored transmigration scheme, government-licensed timber and oil palm plantations and, finally, the devastating fires of 1998. The results show a mean deforestation rate of 42 km² or 6 per cent per year for 1983–2000, rising to 10 per cent per year for 1990–98; by 2000, 70 per cent of forest initially damaged by fire and drought during the 1982–83 El Niño event was classified as non-forest. Although our study area is perhaps a worst-case scenario in terms of land use planning outcomes, the lessons from this research are directly applicable to scenario prediction for informed forest and land use planning and monitoring.