The protection and management of saline lakes of therapeutic value in Romania

Major limnological features and the distribution of Romanian saline lakes of therapeutic use are described. Phenomena which affect mud formation and degradation are discussed and recommendations to protect and manage the lakes are put forward.     

地震断错地貌

大地震产生的断错,能改变震前的地表形态,这种改造后新出现的地形景观称为地震断错地貌。地震断错地貌可分为地震断层崖、地震断错——挠曲崖、地震断错水系和地震断错台地四类。研究地震断错的相关堆积时,发现逆推断层崖也有崩积楔。提出的崩积楔发育模式与正断层崖的发育模式截然不同。     

京西黄庄—高丽营断层西段晚更新世末的一次粘滑性活动

本文根据新近大比例尺地质图和探槽开控的结果，认为断层西段（仅在芦井至晓幼营间）晚更新世以来仍有明显活动，这种活动以正段倾滑运动为主，但兼具右旋走滑分量；并且在距今约２．４－２．１万年期间有过一次粘滑性活动，其垂直错距为０．９１．０ｍ；该段断层潜在有发生６－６．５级地震的可能性。     

Geomorphological study on a clastic accretionary prism: The Nankai Trough

Abstract The Nankai Trough, off southwest Japan, is one of the best sites for the study of geomorphic characteristics of a clastic accretionary prism. A recent multibeam survey over the central and eastern parts of the Nankai accretionary prism has revealed a large variation of the topography along the trough axis. Analysis of the bathymetric data suggests the existence of prism deformational features of different scales, such as depressions, embayment structures and cusps. These structures are the results of slope instability caused by basement relief of subducted oceanic plate. Unstable slopes recover by new accretion and development of a low angle thrust. Small-scale deformation due to the subduction of a small isolated seamount is then adjusted to the regional trend. By contrast, a 30 km indentation of the wedge observed in the eastern part of the Nankai Trough, the Tenryu Cusp, has seemed to retain its geometry. The subducted Philippine Sea plate has deformed greatly near the eastern end of the Nankai Trough, because of the collision between the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) arc and central Japan. Therefore, the indentation may be the result of the continuous subduction of a basement high, such as the Zenisu Ridge, which has been formed under north-south compression due to the arc-arc collision.     

我国首次发现的碳氢钠石

碳氢钠石是一种无水碱金属碳酸盐矿物,最初发现于美国的绿河盆地。一九八二年,在我国河南省泌阳凹陷首次发现。该矿物的化学成分是Na_2CO_3和NaHCO_3,分子式是:Na_2CO_3·3NaHCO_3。该矿物晶体呈板状,无色透明,主要产在重碳钠盐组成的碱矿层中。经测试确定,该矿物属二轴晶负光性,主折射率:Ng=1.531,Nm=1.524,Np=1.435,2V=31.45°;晶胞参数:a=10.046,b=15.633,c=3.492,a=92°8′,β=95。42′,γ=108°34′;最强的粉晶衍射线有:3.70(35),2.97(100),2.67(41),2.213(60);主要的红外光谱吸收带是:2616,1692,1662,1359,1048,1018,839,677cm_(-1)。据碳氢钠石的产状和共生组合特征,该矿物产于富钠,高P_(CO_2)的碳酸盐型内陆盐湖,是较高温度条件下快速蒸发的产物。     

腾格里地区盐湖的盐类沉积特征

腾格里沙漠122个盐湖分为石盐、石盐-芒硝、石盐-白钠镁矾及芒硝(石膏)4种类型。盐湖含盐系厚度一般4～9m,总体呈现下部为含盐碎屑沉积,上部以盐类沉积为主,构成储卤层,卤水赋存其中,由湖岸至湖心储卤层厚度增长。含卤层理渐小,卤水含KCl渐高。盐湖中矿物主要为碳酸盐矿物,以芒硝、石膏为主的硫酸盐矿物、石盐以及粘土矿物。盐湖卤水以晶间卤水为主。许多卤水含K+大于2g/L。K+含量最高的红盐池,平均含量达19.14g/L。对钾矿而言,在盐湖分布相对集中地区,有一定的综合开发利用前景。     

光学测微器的原理、检定及误差分析

着重讨论了高精度光学测微器的基本工作原理、检定方法及误差分析。     

开挖边坡随机楔体稳定分析与加锚优化方法

随机楔体的破坏是岩石开挖边坡中常见的破坏类型之一，在对组成楔体的结构而调查统计的基础上，应用随机模拟的方法，生成开挖边坡的三维裂隙网络，进一步运用随机搜索方法与块体理论，搜索出边坡面上的随机楔体，进行楔体的稳定分析，采用风险设计的理论，建立系统锚杆的优化设计方法，将研究结果应用于小湾水电站进水口开挖边坡的稳定分析与锚固优化设计中，得到了较为可信的结果。     

华北平原深层淡水在开采条件下接受上覆咸水越流补给——以天津平原为例

分析物探测井曲线和地下水位动态发现，天津平原深层孔隙地下淡水在开采条件下接受上覆咸水的越流补给，而且咸水底界未大量向下位移。本文讨论了咸质含水组底部钙化粘土微观粘粒与水溶液的相互作用，提出了“滤盐层”的概念。     

既有建筑地基基础加固劈裂注浆法在青纸汽运办公楼的应用

青纸汽运办公由于部分基础座落在松散的杂填土层上，产生不均匀沉降破坏，通过劈裂注浆加固，建筑物停止沉降，地基土承载力标准值提高了4倍，效果显著。加固劈裂注浆法是治理既有建筑地基基础沉降灾害的有效方法之一。