西南地区滇金丝猴潜在优先保护区与保护网络识别（英文）

In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats(PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors(PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index(NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas(PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs(with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.     

Potential priority areas and protection network for Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Southwest China

In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves (NRs) (Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (YSM) (Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats (PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors (PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index (NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas (PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs (with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.

     

Seismic Collapse Performance of Jacket Offshore Platforms with Time-Variant Zonal Corrosion Model

Corrosion of offshore platforms is inevitable. In an ocean corrosion environment, the strength of a platform is weakened greatly. When simultaneously subjected to earthquakes or other extreme loads, the ultimate bearing capacity of the corroded platform is dramatically reduced, resulting in compounded damage from both corrosion and earthquake. Thus, the influence of corrosion cannot be neglected in the seismic performance investigation of platforms. The commonly used corrosion model in platform design is uniform corrosion, and the corrosion rate rule for any parts or zones in a platform is the same. In real cases, however, there are significant differences between the corrosion characteristics in different parts of a platform. Based on theoretical aspects and measured data, a zonal time-variant corrosion model of a platform is developed for a seismic collapse performance investigation. The pushover and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) methods are adopted here to calculate the collapse margin ratio (CMR), there serve strength ratio (RSR) and ductility coefficient (μ) that are frequently used for the safety reserve evaluation of a platform. The failure reason and collapse probability of platforms considering different service periods are compared. The most prominent feature of the proposed time-variant zonal corrosion model is to capture potential switch of weak location and resulting failure path of corroded jacket offshore platforms although the proposed model needs further calibration by more reliable in-field measured data. As expected, corrosion can definitely cause a reduction in earthquake resistance of a jacket offshore platform, as well as ultimate deformability. The coupled effect between the time-variant vibration properties of the platform and the spectral characteristics of selected motions, the collapse-level spectral acceleration (SA) does not always decrease with increasing corrosion degree. The curves corresponding to normalized CMR and RSR agree very well with each other in the early corrosion development stage and service period beyond 30 years. Some distinct differences can be found during the two stages, with the greatest difference up to 10% for the example platform.     

城市轨道交通保护区综合安全管理研究与应用

随着城市轨道交通建设规模不断扩大,运营里程逐年累积,轨道交通沿线的工程建设项目存在数量多、工艺复杂、对在建/运营线路安全影响大等问题。本文分析了保护区内影响轨道交通安全的主要因素,针对轨道交通保护区安全管理现状提出综合解决方案,并设计研发出一套针对轨道交通运营安全管理的综合平台,在规范保护区内施工项目管理的基础上,运用物联网、三维激光扫描等先进手段,实现数据的快速采集、处理、分析及预警,保障城市轨道交通的安全运营。     

论渔业法之对影响渔业船舶适航行为的法律责任

渔船管理是渔业产业管理的重要内容,而船舶适航性是渔船正常运行的重要保证。我国现阶段渔业产业中出现的船舶事故频发,其中很多是不适航导致的。文章从我国渔业监管现状出发,结合《渔业法》及其相关法律对影响船舶适航行为法律责任的相关规定,分析违法行为构成要件,发现依然存在处罚手段单一、处罚力度不够等问题,针对存在的原因,从完善对相关违法行为的认定,加强行政监管,丰富处罚方式,提高行政处罚标准等措施出发提出完善建议,从而减少渔业安全事故,推动我国渔业健康发展。     

长江口水沙变化与趋势预测

随着长江流域水土保持、上游水库拦蓄调节、沿江用水增加及气候变化,进入长江口的水沙通量发生改变,入海泥沙量锐减。此外,长江口相继实施了深水航道治理、青草沙水源地、浅滩圈围等大型工程。因此,需要针对长江口水沙变化开展相关研究。对长江口陆相和海相水沙变化规律及趋势、河床容积与泥沙收支变化以及整治工程下分汊河口演变预测等进行了概述,预测了今后10～50年大通站流量、含沙量、输沙量变化以及南北槽的演变趋势,为进一步研究变化条件下的长江口重大工程安全提供基础条件。     

荣成湾14种海洋经济生物体中的重金属水平与食用风险初步评价

本文以荣成湾近岸海域14种经济生物体为研究对象,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)对其体内Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As等7种重金属的含量进行了测定,采用单因子污染指数法(SFI)和金属污染指数法(MPI)对重金属污染程度和食用安全质量进行了评价,在此基础上,以日摄食量(DI)和目标危害系数(THQ)为考量指标,评估了人体摄食可能存在的健康风险。结果表明,14种经济生物体重金属平均含量ZnCuCrAsPbCdHg,7种重金属含量在14种经济生物体中存在一定的差异。对比海洋生物质量国家标准,14种经济生物体中Pb与部分贝类生物体中Zn和Cr稍有超标,8种经济生物体中总As和1种生物体中Pb含量超出人体消费卫生标准。人体暴露风险评估表明,红螺、三疣梭子蟹、星鳗、高眼鲽和棒锥螺中Pb和As的THQ大于1,摄食其有潜在的非致癌健康风险。综合研究结果提示,在人体正常摄食海产品水平下,不存在大的食品安全风险。     

林业自然保护区信息管理系统设计与实现

为摸清林业自然保护区管理现状和本底信息,解决传统Excel表形式的自然保护区数据库在填报、上报、统计汇总中存在的问题,推进林业自然保护区建设和发展信息化、数字化进程,引领全国自然保护区事业健康发展,提升自然保护区治理能力现代化水平,2014年国家林业局开发了全国林业自然保护区信息管理系统,2015—2017年已有国家、省厅、自然保护区3个层面近2 000用户使用,系统运行良好,易学易懂,减少了人力物力消耗,提升了数据质量和工作效率。本文是全国林业自然保护区信息管理系统开发设计、实现和主要功能的总结,是我国自然保护区现代化管理的一次有益探索。     

江苏海区浒苔的营养与食品安全性分析与评价

通过对不同海区浒苔及其与紫菜之间的比较,分析评价了江苏海区定生浒苔和漂浮浒苔的营养特性。通过主成分分析可以将江苏浒苔与其他浒苔和紫菜明显区分开,说明江苏浒苔的营养具有区域一致性。江苏浒苔具有高蛋白、低膳食纤维的特点,浒苔中钙、镁含量高于紫菜,磷含量低于紫菜。江苏浒苔的必需氨基酸含量组成适合人体需要,是良好的蛋白质来源。第一限制氨基酸为甲硫氨酸,呈味氨基酸含量达到氨基酸总量的33.6%—42.9%,具有较好的呈味特性。江苏浒苔的铅、铬离子含量较高,食用风险不容忽视。     

Inter‐population differences in feeding ecology under nitrogen‐limited diets: Field growth and the role of cannibalism in limiting/improving reserve accumulation

Growth is determined by an organism's physiology, physical environment, and biological conditions, including food availability and any intra‐ and inter‐specific interactions that can affect feeding activity. To analyse how all these factors interact to produce final growth in the herbivorous/detritivorous crab Neohelice granulata, we performed field and laboratory experiments with juveniles and adults from three populations which differed genetically as well as in their physical environment and the organic matter (OM) content in the soil that serves as food. We evaluated (a) growth in the field: Juveniles of the three populations were cross‐transplanted in exclusion cages; (b) effect of the presence of adults on juvenile feeding: We measured the feeding activity of small juveniles in presence/absence of an adult male as potential predator in the field; and (c) effect of diet on cannibalism: We analysed the cannibalistic behavior of adult males from two of the populations in the laboratory after they had received protein‐rich (24%) and protein‐poor (3%) diets. In experiment (a), final size was similar for the crabs from all three origins but growth differed between sites. Experiment (b) showed that the presence of adults interfered with feeding activity at the two sites with lower weight indicators. In experiment (c), we observed that low protein diet increased the cannibalistic behavior of adult males, and this effect was more intense in crabs from the poorest food site. Our results contribute to understanding the set of factors and interactions involved in the response of individuals to the prevailing conditions in natural environments in order to maintain a growth rate, perhaps at the expense of different reserve accumulation. They also enable discussion of the limitations of approaches used in laboratory experiments.