超前支护下隧道掌子面稳定性极限上限分析

软弱围岩隧道施工中,常采用超前支护确保隧道施工的安全。为了评价超前支护下隧道稳定性,建立了超前支护作用下截锥体、对数螺旋线共同破坏模型,基于极限分析上限法和综合强度折减法并考虑初期支护未支护段的影响,推导出了隧道稳定安全系数的目标函数,并利用Matlab编制程序求解该函数以此判断隧道稳定性。与模型试验结果和已有理论研究成果对比分析,验证了计算方法的合理性,同时分析了影响隧道稳定安全系数的各个因素。研究结果表明：围岩黏聚力、内摩擦角的增加,掌子面锚杆、拱部超前支护的施作对提高围岩稳定性有显著的作用,而初期支护未支护段长度、开挖高度的增加不利于围岩的稳定;在围岩内摩擦角较小时,分台阶开挖降低开挖高度提高隧道稳定性的效果更好;在围岩内摩擦角较大时,掌子面锚杆加固强度的增加对隧道稳定性提高的作用更显著。最后给出了超前支护的施工设计建议图,可为工程中初步确定超前支护参数和施工方法提供参考。     

我国洞穴旅游从业者安全认知研究

安全是洞穴旅游的生命线,是洞穴旅游活动正常开展的前提和保障。国内外多数洞穴旅游安全事故多起因于旅游从业者和游客自身安全认知欠缺。由于洞穴旅游从业者直接面对游客,是洞穴旅游安全事故的“第一道防火墙”,因此,从洞穴旅游从业者的角度对洞穴旅游安全认知进行研究就显得尤为重要。本文对我国17个旅游洞穴从业者的旅游安全认知开展问卷调查,运用统计分析和灰色关联分析对洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知及其差异进行分析,得到以下结论:（1）我国洞穴旅游从业者的总体安全认知度较高;（2）我国洞穴旅游从业者安全管理认知存在一定差异;（3）不同属性的洞穴旅游从业者安全认知度存在一定差异;（4）不同洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知度存在一定差异。基于洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知,可采取如下措施提高洞穴旅游安全管理水平:加强对洞穴旅游从业者的安全教育培训,提高安全意识;提升洞穴旅游景区（点）的安全管理水平,增强执行力度;建立健全洞穴旅游安全控制、预警和救援制度,切实保障旅游。      

Failure analysis of CPT-based direct methods for axial capacity of driven piles in sand

Due to variety of current pile bearing capacity methods based on cone penetration test (CPT) measurements, there is always a need for evaluating performance of existing methods to make proper choices of methods as well as safety factors for optimum design. In this regard, geotechnical databases are known as useful tools which facilitate evaluation of existing methods. This paper deals with axial bearing capacity of driven piles in sand using CPT-based methods. A database of seventy-six records is employed to analyze different criteria of interpreting static pile load test results to select the most consistent approach with the CPT-based methods. Then, performance of nine commonly used direct CPT-based methods was evaluated. Finally, via a failure probability and cost optimisation approach, optimum safety factors are presented and discussed. Analysis of different failure criteria shows that the Hansen 80% criterion leads to more consistent results with the CPT-based methods. In addition, almost all of the investigated methods showed promising performance. The attained safety factors range from 1.6 to 3.1 for all records, 1.4 to 3.1 for piles in compression, and 1.4 to 2.2 for the piles in tension. Then, efficiency of methods was evaluated and the methods with higher efficiency are introduced.     

Influences of reservoir water level drawdown on slope stability and reliability analysis

To investigate the influences of reservoir water level drawdown on slope stability, a series of numerical simulations were carried out to examine the impacts of slope angle, slope permeability and water drawdown speed on the pore water pressure (PWP) change during seepage, as well as the factor of safety (Fs) of the slope. Based on the numerical results, an estimation model relating the factor of safety to the influential factors mentioned above was developed. The model expression indicates that there are interaction effects between the slope angle, the drawdown speed and the slope permeability, with regard to the influences on slope stability. Furthermore, in view of the uncertainty characteristics of the slope permeability, reliability assessment was performed to examine the influences of those key parameters mentioned above on the probability of slope failure.     

海洋自然保护区地理信息系统建设初探

 海洋自然保护区是海洋事业的重要组成部分,但由于起步较晚,基础薄弱,长期以来,它的发展建设受到了管理落后的制约,海洋自然保护区管理手段的现代化势在必行。运用RS、GIS等空间信息技术,建设海洋自然保护区地理信息系统(MNRGIS)是解决这一问题的有效途径。本文从海洋自然保护区及其空间信息技术应用的基本特点方面进行了论述,并着重对MNRGIS的系统结构、关键技术和数据库结构的设计进行了初步探索,同时提出了MNRGIS建设应注意的几个问题     

Principle and Program of Evaluating Diffuse Seismicity

Concept and origin of the term “the diffuse seismicity“ are illustrated. Some different viewpoints regarding the diffuse seismicity and the influence characteristics on determining seismic design basis of engineering from the seismicity are analyzed. Principle and program for evaluating diffuse seismicity are studied and discussed base on over contents.     

十三陵抽水蓄能电站上池滑坡稳定分析

十三陵抽水蓄能电站上池西岸边坡中，存在许多条不同产状和结构的断层，曾发生多次滑坡，构成了对电站上池工程的威胁，因此在池顶采用抗滑桩加固处理边坡。为了解加固后边坡的稳定性和抗滑桩的受力状态及其相互作用，用有限元方法对该岩体边坡进行了稳定性分析。     

生态旅游与自然保护区建设--以河南省石人山自然保护区为例

自然保护区生态旅游的开展提出了一个重要问题，即如何处理保护与开发的关系。文章在分析生态旅游特点和自然保护区发展概况的基础上，指出在我国自然保护区开展生态旅游是其可持续发展的重要途径，认为自然保护区开发生态旅游应注意以下问题：制定合理规划；吸收当地居民参与；加大对自然保护区的经济支持。最后，对河南省石人山自然保护区开发现状、存在问题等进行了探讨。     

洪河自然保护区生物多样性保护

阐述洪河国家级自然保护区的生态环境和生物多样性 ,该区保留了三江平原原始湿地生态系统的完整性。据考察有野生高等植物 16 4科 4 2 3属 938种 ,脊椎动物 71科 2 84种 ,其中 6种属于国家级珍稀濒危植物 ,5 1种为国家级重点保护动物。然而该区生态环境遭到破坏 ,生物多样性受到威胁。提出相应的保护对策 ,如加强湿地保护和恢复 ,发展生态安全农业等     

利用正交设计方法优化地图储备

讨论了应用正交设计方法来优化地图的储备问题，给出了此方法的基本思想和实施步骤，并联系军队地图仓库的实际，举例说明利用这种方法确定地图储备的最佳方案。