三维激光扫描技术在异型建筑物施工轴线检测中的应用

针对常规测绘手段采集异型建筑物特征效率低、表达不完整的缺点,以南通某幢高层异型建筑物为例,采用三维激光扫描仪作为施工轴线检测数据采集设备,通过控制点布设、点云外业采集及点云内业处理对异型建筑物进行了施工轴线检测,并对其精度进行了评估,验证了三维激光扫描技术应用于异型建筑物施工轴线检测的可行性。     

融合多源测量数据的钟乳石三维建模方法

在岩溶洞穴的旅游开发中,传统的地形图无法描述洞穴内部的钟乳石等细节,难以满足溶洞开发中的规划、设计及施工要求。本文以某中型溶洞的三维重建项目为例,提出了一种以三维激光扫描数据为主、多基线近景摄影测量数据为辅的多源数据融合的钟乳石三维重建方法。首先,完成了多源数据的融合配准,其次,对配准后的数据进行了模型重建并利用多种不同方法进行空洞区域修复对比试验。试验结果表明,该数据融合方法有效补充了三维激光扫描数据在空间狭小区域的盲区,提高了三维模型的精细程度,对岩溶洞穴的开发、保护、三维重建与可视化等有一定的参考意义。     

基于三维激光扫描技术的人防工事模型重构与应用分析

人防工事狭长且内部环境复杂,对其保护利用需要提供丰富多样的基础资料和成果。三维激光扫描技术突破了传统单点精确测量的局限,可以大面积地获取被测对象表面的三维坐标数据,具有连续、快速、非接触、自动、全天候工作等优势。本文以某段人防工事为例,研究了三维激光扫描的工作流程,并以点云数据为基础进行三维模型的重构和测绘图的制作,完成对点云质量的分析评价。     

Estimating aboveground and organ biomass of plant canopies across the entire season of rice growth with terrestrial laser scanning

Non-destructive and accurate estimation of crop biomass is crucial for the quantitative diagnosis of growth status and timely prediction of grain yield. As an active remote sensing technique, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has become increasingly available in crop monitoring for its advantages in recording structural properties. Some researchers have attempted to use TLS data in the estimation of crop aboveground biomass, but only for part of the growing season. Previous studies rarely investigated the estimation of biomass for individual organs, such as the panicles in rice canopies, which led to the poor understanding of TLS technology in monitoring biomass partitioning among organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of TLS in estimating the biomass for individual organs and aboveground biomass of rice and to examine the feasibility of developing universal models for the entire growing season. The field plots experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 and involved different nitrogen (N) rates, planting techniques and rice varieties. Three regression approaches, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), random forest regression (RF) and linear mixed-effects (LME) modeling, were evaluated in estimating biomass with extensive TLS and biomass data collected at multiple phenological stages of rice growth across the entire season. The models were calibrated with the 2017 dataset and validated independently with the 2018 dataset.The results demonstrated that growth stage in LME modeling was selected as the most significant random effect on rice growth among the three candidates, which were rice variety, growth stage and planting technique. The LME models grouped by growth stage exhibited higher validation accuracies for all biomass variables over the entire season to varying degrees than SMLR models and RF models. The most pronounced improvement with a LME model was obtained for panicle biomass, with an increase of 0.74 in R² (LME: R² = 0.90, SMLR: R² = 0.16) and a decrease of 1.15 t/ha in RMSE (LME: RMSE =0.79 t/ha, SMLR: RMSE =2.94 t/ha). Compared to SMLR and RF, LME modeling yielded similar estimation accuracies of aboveground biomass for pre-heading stages, but significantly higher accuracies for post-heading stages (LME: R² = 0.63, RMSE =2.27 t/ha; SMLR: R² = 0.42, RMSE =2.42 t/ha; RF: R² = 0.57, RMSE =2.80 t/ha). These findings implied that SMLR was only suitable for the estimation of biomass at pre-heading stages and LME modeling performed remarkably well across all growth stages, especially for post-heading. The results suggest coupling TLS with LME modeling is a promising approach to monitoring rice biomass at post-heading stages at high accuracy and to overcoming the saturation of canopy reflectance signals encountered in optical remote sensing. It also has great potential in the monitoring of other crops in cloud-cover conditions and the instantaneous prediction of grain yield any time before harvest.     

地面与车载激光点云在地下车库测图中的融合应用

地下空间利用日益受到人们关注,地下空间测量受诸多因素的影响,如地下空间无GPS信号、遮挡物较多、传统手段效率低等问题。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种融合车载激光扫描系统和地面三维激光扫描的数据获取方案。该方案首先利用地面三维激光扫描和车载移动激光扫描的优势,采用一种多源点云数据融合技术,高效地获取了地下空间的完整点云数据;然后通过地下车库数据采集试验,验证了该方案的有效性和可靠性,为今后大范围开展地下空间测图提供技术支持。     

移动三维激光扫描技术在盾构隧道收敛监测中的应用

盾构隧道收敛监测是地铁运营检测的重要监测部分。针对收敛尺、全站仪、断面仪和巴塞特收敛系统、站式扫描仪等传统监测设备和监测方法的缺陷,本文提出一种基于移动三维激光扫描的新型收敛监测方法。移动三维激光扫描技术是利用二维断面扫描仪结合移动轨道车、惯性导航定位及编码器等多种传感器协同作业,通过人工推行扫描的方式全面获取隧道结构点云数据。结合自动化点云处理软件对管片断面收敛进行分析,实现地铁隧道收敛的快速全面监测,弥补了传统收敛监测效率低、断面监测不完善的缺点。工程应用实例结果表明,该方法不仅可以实现隧道收敛快速、高效监测,而且获取的海量点云数据可进一步深度挖掘,为地铁隧道的安全监测提供基础数据,保障地铁安全运行。     

多源异构点云融合技术在古建筑信息留存中的应用

针对单一测绘手段难以获取古建筑表面完整空间信息的问题,本文提出了采用多源异构点云融合技术实现古建筑完整空间信息留存的方法。该方法首先采用由整体到局部的扫描策略实现古建筑主体激光点云数据采集,然后采用低空航空摄影测量技术完成扫描盲区的影像数据采集,最后基于光束法平差理论完成点云数据生产,实现了多源异构点云数据融合。试验表明,该方法能够满足古建筑信息留存的需要,在古建筑保护领域具有较好的推广和借鉴价值。     

徕卡P50三维激光扫描仪在建筑地形图测绘中的应用

本文简要介绍了徕卡ScanStation P50全新长测程三维激光扫描仪的技术特点,结合徕卡后期Cyclone点云处理软件、CloudWorx插件等进行建筑地形图、竣工图等的制作。     

融合新型多技术的陆海过渡带地形测绘

本文提出了一种新型高精度、无缝陆海一体化地形测绘系统。该系统以后处理差分组合导航技术为基础,以定制化的八轮车和稻田车为测绘平台,集成了红外激光扫描技术、拖曳测量技术、单波束测深技术等测绘手段,保证了测绘结果的精度和覆盖度。应用结果表明：该系统具有集成度高、获取数据精度高、数据采集效率快、设备操作简易等特点,可为浅海、粉砂淤泥质岸滩、基岩岸滩、砂质岸滩等在内的大片陆海过渡带的测绘工作提供参考。     

利用广义S变换进行等效Q值扫描分析

本文首次给出了一种利用扫描分析技术与广义S变换时频分析工具相结合求取介质品质因子（Q值）的方法,与传统的Q值估计方法不同,该方法用一系列等效Q值对叠前衰减数据进行粘性补偿偏移,将偏移后的共反射点道集叠加,利用广义S变换求取补偿后叠加道的时频谱和傅立叶峰值频率,以浅层强反射界面子波时频谱为参考,它他深度处地层子波的时频谱特征与之进行比较,当谱宽和峰值频率达到一致作为正确Q值选定标准,确立了宏观介质的等效Q值分析新方法.