Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China＇s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas ——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

The rocky desert in a karst area directly causes the lack of soil, water and forest, hence leading to the poverty there. In 1990, the villagers from the Muzhe Village in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan declared a war against rocky desert in an attempt to ask the fields for more yields. They invented a distinctive land rehabilitation and sustainable use pattern called ＂transforming heaven and earth＂ that had been practiced in Southwest China＇s karst areas. The key mechanism of the pattern was to develop terraced fields with well conserved soil, water and fertility by exploding rocks in the fields, building stone walls, gathering more soil, and improving soil quality and productivity for the fields in combination with building of irrigation facilities and roads, as well as with forestation and agriculture structure adjustment. The purpose of the pattern was to alleviate poverty in the karst areas by improving soil productivity and promoting agricultural development. A typical area was studied with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal （PRA） and the pattern was carried out there for fifteen years, have produced excellent ecological benefits and good economic benefits. Its application in the area approved that it was a sustainable land use pattern for rocky desert areas.     

花江喀斯特峡谷地区石漠化成因初探

花江喀斯特峡谷区地下水埋藏深,地表干旱,存在显著的人为加速土壤侵蚀过程,植被次生性明显,生境干热特征显著,是已石漠化和半石漠化的生态系统。其中地质构造、地貌演化、岩溶形态、可开发利用的水资源、植被群落可能是石漠化过程的主要自然成因,以土地利用为表现形式的强烈人类活动是石漠化的驱动力。基于此,提出了石漠化地区的土地利用方式和生态恢复过程的建议,旨在为石漠化的演化研究及生态重建提供参考。     

滇东石漠化伴生“红裸土”表层有机质含量与酸碱度关系分析

对滇东地区石漠化伴生"红裸土"典型发育地带的表层样品的有机质和酸碱度分析表明:"红裸土"表层有机质含量范围为0.60～38.5(g.kg-1),平均值为13.49(g.kg-1);酸碱度在4.20～5.72。不但"红裸土"表层有机质含量低,呈中强酸性,且"红裸土"表层土壤有机质含量与酸碱度成弱正相关。这一特征与同区域有植被覆盖下的表层土壤相反,与其他典型的喀斯特地区土壤表层有相似的变化规律。这些特征说明"红裸土"可能是形成石漠化过程的一个阶段。     

岩溶石漠化治理问题研究

石漠化的形成与地质背景密切相关,石漠化的治理也必须在查明石漠化区地质背景的基础上,针对岩性、地球化学背景、水资源特征以及石漠化程度,并结合当地经济发展合理地制定和实施防治工程,才能达到良好的效果。本文以贵州省为例,分析了石漠化特征、近10年来的治理效果,指出了治理工作中存在的问题,从地学的角度提出了岩溶石漠化防治的建议。     

末次冰期晚期以来地层序列与地质环境特征——渤海南部地区沉积序列研究

就渤海南部末次冰期晚期以来的地层序列与地质环境演化特征,将研究区划分出４个沉积环境区,分别选择４个典型钻孔（ＺＫ１０１,ＺＫ２２８,Ｃ３０５,Ｙ８６）进行了对比研究。选用２７个钻孔联成２８２ｋｍ长的地层剖面,剖面明显反应出郯庐断裂带挽近的运动及现代黄河三角洲体的均衡作用。同时,分析了本区全新世气候及海侵边界层     

Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.     

海侵背景下风暴控制的滨岸-陆棚砂体研究——以塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段为例

塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段发育海侵背景下受风暴控制的滨岸-陆棚沉积体系,沉积砂体的类型有滨岸砂、浅海砂坝和陆棚砂。风暴作用改造并控制着陆棚砂、浅海砂坝等砂体,使其发育规模增大。海侵时期形成的上述三种砂体的储集性优于海退时期形成的潮道砂体。滨岸砂、浅海砂坝和陆棚砂体区域上尖灭与陆棚泥岩组合,可形成较好的岩性地层圈闭。     

Midlittoral polychaete communities in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: new information from the implementation of the Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) protocol and comparisons at local and regional scales

The aim of this study was to attempt to fill current knowledge gaps on midlittoral Mediterranean biodiversity at local and regional scales, by using benthic polychaetes as a model taxon. Two different data sets were analysed: (i) a quantitative data set from the two Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) study sites in Crete and (ii) a qualitative data set from multiple sites across the Mediterranean. At the local scale, the results provide evidence that (i) discrete species communities are formed in midlittoral Mediterranean habitats, which vary by geographical location and year, depending on the scale of observation; (ii) macrophyte coverage and Chl‐a are the only environmental variables associated, albeit weakly, with the above pattern; (iii) although naturally disturbed, the Cretan NaGISA sites do not seem to experience any anthropogenic stress; (iv) environmental heterogeneity and history seem to be much less important in shaping the polychaete communities than inter‐specific interactions; however, it is not possible to specify at this stage whether local or regional processes or even their interactions may shape the polychaete communities. At the regional scale, the results indicate that (i) the only factor that seems to be involved in the regional pattern is the identity of the study providing the data sets, which implies variability and bias in how research projects are carried out, from the sampling design through to data collection and analysis; (ii) the Cretan NaGISA sites may be considered as representative of the habitat in the Mediterranean, under certain conditions.     

Granitic coastal geomorphology: applying integrated terrestrial and bathymetric LiDAR with multibeam sonar to examine coastal landscape evolution

Coasts composed of resistant lithologies such as granite are generally highly resistant to erosion. They tend to evolve over multiple sea level cycles with highstands acting to remove subaerially weathered material. This often results in a landscape dominated by plunging cliffs with shore platforms rarely occurring. The long‐term evolution of these landforms means that throughout the Quaternary these coasts have been variably exposed to different sea level elevations which means erosion may have been concentrated at different elevations from today. Investigations of the submarine landscape of granitic coasts have however been hindered by an inability to accurately image the nearshore morphology. Only with the advent of multibeam sonar and aerial laser surveying can topographic data now be seamlessly collected from above and below sea level. This study tests the utility of these techniques and finds that very accurate measurements can be made of the nearshore thereby allowing researchers to study the submarine profile with the same accuracy as the subaerial profile. From a combination of terrestrial and marine LiDAR data with multibeam sonar data, it is found that the morphology of granite domes is virtually unaffected by erosion at sea level. It appears that evolution of these landscapes on the coast is a very slow process with modern sea level acting only to remove subaerially weathered debris. The size and orientation of the joints determines the erosional potential of the granite. Where joints are densely spaced (<2 m apart) or the bedrock is highly weathered can semi‐horizontal surfaces form. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生态功能优先背景下的西南岩溶区石漠化治理问题

文章分析了现有石漠化治理模式、物种选择、石漠化治理综合效益评估、消除贫困等方面存在的不足,并结合国家对西南岩溶石漠化区主体生态功能的定位,对未来石漠化治理过程中的几个关键问题进行了探讨,认为未来石漠化治理要更有效地兼顾生态与经济效益,提高生态补偿标准,完善生态补偿体制,促进石漠化区农村人口的城镇化转移,减少人口压力,消除农户破坏环境的驱动因素,促进石漠化治理成效的长期可持续发展,以保证西南岩溶石漠化区水土保持和生物多样性维护主体生态功能的实现。