郑州国际会展中心展厅钢屋盖的动力特性分析

郑州国际会展中心展览厅钢屋盖采用了空间斜拉式索拱结构体系，为探讨该体系的动力特性，采用ANSYS有限元程序，分别建立钢屋盖与下部混凝土结构共同作用、钢屋盖单独作用以及无斜拉系统的钢屋盖单独作用时的3个空间计算模型，采用子空间迭代法计算其自振周期和振型，并加以比较。从而得出钢屋盖的动力特性，为进一步研究此类结构的受力特性奠定了基础。     

SMA-MR复合型阻尼器

利用形状记忆合金超弹性、形状记忆特性和MR液的材料特性，提出了SMA-MR复合阻尼器，建立了阻尼器的理论模型。通过输入正弦波得到小震、大震时相应的滞回曲线，并对一单层框架进行输入El Centro地震波下的减震效果分析，比较了SMA-MR阻尼器、仅有SMA和仅有MR作用下的减震效果。结果表明，所设计的SMA-MR阻尼器具有卓越的阻尼性能，对大震、小震的控制实现了自适应的智能性。     

结构内设备的摩擦摆隔震响应分析

基于系统耦和振动微分方程，分析了结构内摩擦摆隔震设备的响应规律和隔震效果。计算结果表明，经过合理设计的摩擦摆系统能够显著控制设备的地震绝对加速度响应从而有效提高设备的抗震可靠度。     

Optimal instrumentation of structures on flexible base for system identification

A criterion previously developed by Heredia-Zavoni and Esteva for selecting optimal sensor locations is used to analyse the optimal instrumentation of structures on soft soils. The stochastic response of a linear structural system on a flexible base is formulated for use of the criterion. The case of MDOF shear systems on flexible base, with uncertain lateral stiffness and subjected to random earthquake ground motions, is studied. The optimal location of accelerometers, the reduction of prior uncertainty on the lateral stiffness, the effects of the base flexibility, the relative influence of translation and rocking of the base, and the influence of recording noise are assessed and discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

系统自振对绝对重力仪的影响模式分析

隔振问题是绝对重力仪研制中的关键技术难题之一。在自主研制"小型mGal级绝对重力仪"过程中发现,除了需要克服地面振动的影响之外,系统自振的影响也不容忽视,最大能达到mGal量级。通过对研制样机实验观测结果的分析,研究了系统自振产生的原因以及对系统偏差与观测内符合精度的影响模式,并给出了改进方案,以消除"系统自振"的影响,提高研制仪器的观测精度。     

基于小波包分解的结构自振特征提取及多路径误差分离

为了准确获取结构自振特性,通过分析多路径误差和结构振动的频率特征,采用小波包分解和频谱分析相结合的方法,在不同尺度下进行特定成分的提取,再作频率特性分析。实验结果表明,小波包能够有效地分离多路径误差,实现结构振动特征的提取,GPS测定的结构自振频率与理论值吻合较好,并且具有很好的稳定性。     

基于GNSS-RTK的在建超高层风载动态变形监测

首先以海星达H32全能型GNSS-RTK接收机为试验仪器,进行不同星系组合的RTK定位精度试验研究。然后以在建的天津高银117大厦为监测对象,采用GPS+GLONASS+BDS三星系组合对其进行现场强风作用下的RTK动态变形监测。利用巴特沃斯滤波对实测数据进行去噪处理,得到各测点的位移曲线。分析结果表明:GPS单星系定位的平面坐标精度相对较差,双星系组合定位的平面坐标精度与三星系组合定位的平面坐标精度基本相当,但GPS+GLONASS+BDS三星系组合定位的稳定性和可靠性最强;由于施工阶段大厦结构的刚度和整体性与竣工后存在差异,故在强风作用下其按一定施工步距滞后的低矮外框的振动位移幅度大于其高耸内筒结构的振动位移幅度;大厦外框和内筒均存在横风向振动位移,且横风向振动位移与顺风向振动位移的大小相近;监测环境对监测结果有着一定的影响,66层各点的监测值误差要大于95层各点的监测值误差。     

融合GNSS和加速度计监测数据的超高建筑动态特性分析

GNSS和加速度计是目前动态监测超高建筑环境载荷变形的主要手段。GNSS具有无需通视、可直接获取三维位移等优点,但受精度和采样率的限制,其对微变形及高频振动信息不敏感;而加速度计具有高精度和高采样率等优点,但无法监测超高建筑低频的似静态变形。为充分发挥这两种传感器的各自优势,提出利用多速率Kalman滤波和RTS平滑方法对超高建筑GNSS和加速度计监测数据进行融合处理。试验结果表明,与单一的GNSS监测技术相比,该方法有利于削弱GNSS高频噪声的影响,提高位移数据的采样率,可有效识别超高建筑的低频和高频振动频率,提高对微变形振动的监测能力;与单一的加速度计监测技术相比,该方法可以准确监测超高建筑的低频变形信息,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

Numerical benchmark studies on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser at high Reynolds numbers

Numerical benchmark studies on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser have been organized by the 27th ITTC Ocean Engineering Committee. The purpose of the studies was to benchmark the capabilities of CFD methods through quantitative comparisons and validation studies against the model test results of a circular cylinder by MARIN. Studies were focused on the drag crisis phenomenon for the stationary smooth cylinder in the critical Reynolds number regime. Eight organizations have participated in the studies by using RANS, DES and LES methods. An overview of the model test results, test cases, submissions and comparison results are presented in this paper. Conclusions and recommendations are made for future studies.     

Determining the location of buried plastic water pipes from measurements of ground surface vibration

‘Mapping the Underworld’ is a UK-based project, which aims to create a multi-sensor device that combines complementary technologies for remote buried utility service detection and location. One of the technologies to be incorporated in the device is low-frequency vibro-acoustics, and techniques for detecting buried infrastructure, in particular plastic water pipes, are being investigated. One of the proposed techniques involves excitation of the pipe at some known location with concurrent vibrational mapping of the ground surface in order to infer the location of the remainder of the pipe. In this paper, measurements made on a dedicated pipe rig are reported. Frequency response measurements relating vibrational velocity on the ground to the input excitation were acquired. Contour plots of the unwrapped phase revealed the location of the pipe to within 0.1-0.2 m. Magnitude contour plots revealed the excitation point and also the location of the pipe end. By examining the unwrapped phase gradients along a line above the pipe, it was possible to identify the wave-type within the pipe responsible for the ground surface vibration. Furthermore, changes in the ground surface phase speed computed using this method enabled the location of the end of the pipe to be confirmed.