基于CORS系统的网络RTK技术在土地勘测定界中的应用

基于CORS系统的GPS网络RTK技术克服了普通RTK测量中基准站与流动站间距的局限,它的有效距离可以达到几十甚至上百千米,覆盖面广阔,定位精度高,可靠性强。这是GPS网络RTK技术能够快速发展的原因之一。本文以淮南某用地勘测定界项目为例,研究探讨了GPS网络RTK用于土地勘测定界及精度分析的方法,得到了一些有益的结论。     

大力开发整治射阳河之浅见

分析苏北里下河地区排水入海的最大干河－－射阳河在本流域中的地位和作用，目前河道淤积，工程老化和水污染严重等现状，以及射阳河蕴藏着的河海联运，水源充足，自然和人文景观众多潜在优势；阐述了整治和综合开发利用射阳河的重要性和迫切性；提出了整治和开发利用的３条总体原则，大体思路及保证顺利实施的关键措施。     

济南城市建设区外山体保护线划定探索及实践

山体保护对集"山-泉-湖-河-城"为一体的济南市在泉水保护、水源涵养、空气净化、生态环境改善方面具有重要意义。但随着城市建设的不断加快,山体被侵占、景观遭到破坏等问题日益突出。本文在野外调查的基础上,结合《济南市山体保护办法》,提出山体保护线划定的山体完整性、生态景观保护、地质灾害防治、建筑物退让等原则。采用野外调查测量与遥感影像解译相结合的手段确定山脚线,初步划定山体保护区范围,与规划、管理信息对接核定、调整确定最终的山体保护红线。以济南中心城市建设区外山体为研究对象,应用山体保护线划定方法,划定了济南市260座山体的保护控制线,建立了济南市山体保护数据库,通过实地勘测定界,埋设了山体保护界桩,明确了山体保护范围,为《山体保护规划(2018—2025)》提供参考,为济南市山体保护工作奠定基础。     

河口河槽季节性冲淤变化及其对河流来水来沙响应的统计分析——以长江口南槽为例

利用长江口南槽1989年12个月的实测地形图和大通站相应的水沙资料,采用GIS技术和数理统计技术分析了南槽的地形变化与河流来水来沙的关系。结果表明:南槽水深与大通站各月平均流量、输沙率和含沙量之间有明显的相关性,说明河口冲淤对流域水沙变化有敏感响应;河槽的响应具有1~1.5月的滞后性。     

Towards a new methodological framework for the delimitation of rural and urban areas: a case study of Serbia

Abstract: Identification of urban and rural areas has been a widely present topic in the past decades, both in scientific research and in the policy and practice of spatial/regional development and territorial governance. The internationally accepted OECD definition does not produce appropriate results that are able to include the multidimensionality of these territories. In this context, the aim of this paper is the analysis and selection of relevant criteria and indicators of urbanity/rurality that may be significant for the establishment of a methodological framework for identifying urban and rural areas in Serbia. Multivariate analysis (PCA, FA and CA) was used to group local self-government units (LSGU) in Serbia that share similar characteristics. The research resulted in five types of areas which indicate that rural and urban areas in Serbia are very diverse in terms of physiogeographical, socio-economic and functional characteristics. The results of this paper offer a more detailed analysis based on scientifically and empirically selected indicators and can be applied in the practice of spatial and urban planning, and in the adaptation of strategic development documents at the regional or national level.     

基于B-L曲线的河-海划界研究

入海河口是河流向海洋过渡的区域,作为海岸带的一部分,具有独特性与复杂性,基于岸线形态的海岸地貌学指标与众多河口参数具有密切的联系与影响,而以地形节点作为河-海划界方案具备可行性与可操作性。在河流中心线上某点处,定义河流宽度(B)和沿河流中心线到口门处距离(L)的B=f(L)函数来实现河-海划界的定量划分,并对不同类型河口使用该函数曲线寻找地形节点进行河-海划界。结果表明:沙坝或堵塞型河口其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在-0.5~0之间;河道状河口及河网状三角洲其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在0.5~1.2之间;河口湾型河口的地形节点处的河流展宽速率在0.6~1.5之间;喇叭形三角洲河口其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在1.3~4.5之间;鸟足状三角洲和扇形三角洲的入海河口段的河流展宽速率在0~0.2之间,建议以口门处作为地形节点。应用此方法对我国大陆入海河流进行河-海划界,并进行中国大陆河口岸线长度量算,取得良好效果。     

高精度缓冲区边界相向逼近求交算法研究及实验

针对海洋划界等距离线/中间线方法中双方距离比例不为1∶1时的海洋划界存在的不足,探讨了基于欧氏平面的距离等比例线法及其后续研究存在的精度无法满足海洋划界的实际应用需求的问题,提出了基于地球椭球体解算距离等比例线的高精度缓冲区边界相向逼近求交算法,并阐述了该算法的基本原理和实现步骤,最后结合海洋划界实例,对该算法的有效性进行了验证。     

大陆架在国家可管辖海域划界问题研究

大陆架是地质地理学研究的内容,随着人类对海洋的开发,大陆架已成为国家在海洋权益维护方面重要的内容。该文阐述了大陆架制度的形成以及在可管辖海域划界中的作用,并对我国专属经济区和大陆架制度以及大陆架在我国可管辖海域划界中所面临的问题进行了分析。     

Geological Anomaly of China

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A GIS Process for Delimitating Areas Potentially Endangered by Debris Flow

A GIS rules-based approach is proposed for delimiting areas potentially endangered by debris flow for downstream guarded areas. Data were used to define rules for nine pilot areas in the Chen-You-Lan river watershed in Nantou County of Taiwan. A preliminary regressed relationship between debris volume and runout distance in the pilot areas is first formulated. The GIS processes for applying the rules are linked to delimit hazardous areas affected by debris within the first approximated debris fan. Rules applied to delimit potentially endangered areas incorporate geomorphological factors (gradient or curvature, aspect), direction of flow, fan angle of the debris and location of the overflow points. The delimited zone is then calibrated using the regression formula for debris volume against the affected area. The verification of the delineation of the areas using the adopted approach, with reference to micro-geomorphological results concerning pilot cases validates the proposed model. The model can be used to delineate potentially hazardous zones approximately associated with debris flow in rivers in Taiwan.