A rigid-bodied Ediacaran Biota from Upper Cambrian strata in Co. Wexford,Eire

Two typical representatives of the Ediacaran biota, Ediacaria booleyi n.sp. and Nimbia occlusa have been found in deep-water turbidites within the Upper Cambrian Booley Bay Formation at Booley Bay in Co. Wexford, Eire. The examples of E. booleyi were transported over short distances by the turbidity currents and then impacted, in some instances at high angles, into the ocean floor muds where they formed moulds but, as their bodies decayed, these were filled by casting sand from the overlying turbidite. They preserved fine detail during transportation and impaction, thereby indicating the existence of a rigid body wall. The three-dimensional nature of their preservation allows reconstruction, which shows that Ediacaria had a discoid form with prominent relief, particularly on its dorsal side, which was divided into three main concentric zones with thin radial features, more evident at the periphery. The ventral side had lower relief, with alternate areas of coarse and fine concentric markings and numerous fine radial lines, some also thicker at the periphery. Nimbia occlusa are disc-like bodies of low relief and occur in profusion on one sole. Some show a circular outline indicating that they were preserved flat on the bedding plane, but others occur as semicircular reliefs oriented in the palaeocurrent direction. This indicates that they too were moved by the turbidity current, but their abundance and excellent preservation indicate that transport distances were short. There is no evidence in either genus for the coelenterate characteristics of a mouth and a two-layered body wall enclosing a single cavity. This, and the evidence for a rigid outer wall, adds to recent doubt on the concept of the world-wide Ediacaran fauna as dominated by soft-bodied coelenterates.     

基于WebGIS的供水管网信息系统的研究与应用

武汉市水务集团公司利用SICAD/open系列GIS软件平台,建成“武汉市供水管网信息系统”简称GWGIS),以期利用先进的GIS技术,改进管理方式、提高生产效率,取得更好的经济和社会效益。WebGIS子系统可供联网用户方便快捷地查询、检索数据库中的各种空间图形数据和相关属性数据,利用SICAD/openIMS软件,应用VJ++开发,建立Web服务器,极大地扩展了系统的应用范围。     

山东省邹平铜矿17号矿体矿床成因

邹平铜矿17号矿体是高中温热液矿床并严格受隐爆角砾岩筒控制,而非伟晶岩型矿床,已被海内外众多同行所认可。该文在勘查结合坑道观测的基础上,通过深入研究和分析对比,进一步证实并坚定了对矿床成因的认识,并澄清了一些模糊看法及无根据的推测。     

三轴刚体地球自转的自由加速

地球自转是天文学和地球科学领域的交叉学科,对其研究具有重要的理论和实际意义.地球自转动力学理论的研究一般是在旋转对称模型基础上进行的,并得到了一系列与观测相符合的结论.但实际地球是一个非旋转对称的椭球体,甚至是梨形椭球体.因此,三轴地球模型的自转理论研究应该是有一定意义的.文献[17～19]认为,三轴刚体地球除了Euler自由摆动外,还存在第二自由摆动,以及地球自转存在自由加(减)速运动等.本文在经典力学和刚体地球自转Euler方程的基础上,研究了地球自转的自由运动,指出文献[17～19]给出的关于地球自转存在自由加速或减速的证明是不正确的,完全刚体地球自转也不可能存在第二自由摆动.     

Seismic behaviour of hybrid systems made of PR composite frames coupled with dissipative bracings

The paper investigates the dynamic behaviour of hybrid systems made of partially restrained (PR) steel–concrete composite frames coupled with viscoelastic dissipative bracings. A numerical model that accounts for both the resisting mechanisms of the joint and the viscoelastic contribution of the dissipative bracing is introduced and briefly discussed. The model is first validated against experimental outcomes obtained on a one‐storey two‐bay composite frame with partial strength semi‐rigid joints subjected to free vibrations. A number of time‐history analyses under different earthquake ground motions and peak ground accelerations are then carried out on the same type of frame. The purpose is to investigate the influence of the type of beam‐to‐column connection and property of the viscoelastic bracing on the performance of the hybrid system. The inherent stiffness of the bare PR frame and the plastic hysteresis of the beam‐to‐column joints, which always lead to only limited damage in the joint, are found to provide a significant contribution to the overall structural performance even under destructive earthquakes. This remark leads to the conclusion that the viscoelastic bracing can be effectively used within the hybrid system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effects of hydrothermal eruptions and a tectonic earthquake on a cycling crater lake (Inferno Crater Lake,Waimangu, New Zealand)

The lake level and temperature of Inferno Crater Lake, a hot lake in the Waimangu Geothermal Field, vary in quasi-regular cycles with a period of about 30 to 50 days. Between 1970 and 1991, several hydrothermal eruptions at other sites within the Waimangu system affected this cycling, especially the cycle period. This indicated that although the cycling was most evident in one small lake, it was sensitive to any changes in the surrounding geothermal system. After the Raupo Pond eruption, which produced the largest effects, the recovery of the temperature and cycle period was consistent with extra energy diffusing out of the previously proposed heat pipe system. The 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, whose hypocenter was 50 km from Waimangu, also seems to have significantly affected the hydrothermal system, reducing the cycle period for at least a year afterwards.     

柔性和刚性浅基础的地基承载能力分析

为了研究刚性和柔性加载面下地基的破坏机制和极限承载力,着重对比分析了不考虑土体自重条件下柔性基础、基底完全光滑或完全粗糙的刚性基础的地基,采用关联流动的Mohr-Coulomb内切圆屈服准则,通过增量加载的有限元方法,全程模拟了地基由初始的线弹性状态逐渐过渡到塑性流动的极限破坏状态的过程。通过对这3种基础类型下地基的计算结果的对比分析,并结合国内外模型试验成果,得到如下结论：柔性和刚性浅基础地基在不考虑土体自重的条件下有相近的地基极限承载力,但基底水平面上竖向应力和位移的发展规律、临塑荷载及滑动面有着明显的区别。     

顶管施工中土体损失引起的沉降预测

顶管施工过程中不可避免地会产生土体损失,进而引起地面沉降。对前人工作进行总结,提出一个可以计算土体中任一点沉降的通用经验公式。假定土体不排水,考虑土体泊松比以及采用椭圆形非等量径向土体移动模式,对Sagaseta公式进行了修正。算例分析表明,在开挖面后方较远处,修正Sagaseta公式与Peck公式和Loganathan公式的计算结果较吻合。修正Sagaseta公式与累积概率曲线的变形规律一致,开挖面上方地面沉降量都为最大地面沉降量的一半,但累积概率曲线的影响范围小、收敛速度快;该方法也适用于盾构法施工。     

矩形SMW工法工作井土体反力计算方法的研究

对采用型钢水泥土复合挡土墙(Soil Mixing Wall,SMW)建造的矩形工作井在顶力反力作用下的受力机理进行分析,假定承载后背竖向土体反力呈拟正态分布、水平向土体反力呈均匀分布,求得后背土体所能承受的最大土体反力计算公式。考虑前壁土体达到主动状态,得到工作井最大土体反力和允许顶力的计算公式。算例分析表明：采用梯形分布计算得到的后背最大土体反力值要略大于文中方法计算结果;在黏性土中,文中方法采用水土合算计算得到的允许顶力值与实测值较吻合。     

顶管矩形工作井复合式后背墙反力分布研究

顶管工作井在顶进施工过程中受力复杂,主要表现在：确定千斤顶推力在内部结构、围护结构和后背墙外侧土体之间的作用力是如何传递,土体变形对墙背土体抗力发挥的影响以及其对结构内力计算分析的影响。对现有顶管工作井计算方法进行归纳基础上,通过对工程算例建立数值计算模型,求证了后背墙各部分反力在宽度和深度方向上的分布规律,为探求一种合理简化更加接近实际的顶管复合式后背墙结构计算方法提供参照。