基于潮流能直驱式海水淡化系统的建模与仿真

提出使用捕能系统捕获潮流能带动低压海水泵把低压海水转换为高压海水进行海水淡化,并对海水淡化过程中的浓海水进行能量回收。潮流能海水淡化关键在于提高效率和进入海水淡化系统时的海水压力的稳定。潮流能海水淡化系统采用直驱方式和能量回收系统提高了潮流能转换效率,而且系统中的高、低压蓄能器对海水淡化过程中海水压力起着稳定的作用。基于线性流体力学理论,推导出潮流能直驱式海水淡化系统的数学模型,模型考虑了水液压系统内部件的滑动摩擦力和泄露量。并对数学模型在系统压力、产水量和产水比能耗等方面进行仿真。仿真结果达到系统压力稳定、产水比能耗低。     

数值模型显示的隐伏弯曲断层同震地表位移特征

余震精定位资料显示,芦山7.0级地震破裂面可能为弯曲程度较高的三维弯曲断层.相关研究显示,这种弯曲断层的位错方式和破裂面同震应力加卸载模式与普通平直断层有明显不同.文中采用无限半空间位错模型模拟显示,隐伏弯曲断层和平直逆断层引起的地表位移特征相似,但是弯曲断层引起的地表水平位移更接近区域整体的地壳缩短方向,缩短方向水平位移的量明显高于同等规模的平直逆断层,因此能更好地传递断层上盘大范围物质的水平运动.相对于平直断层,弯曲断层下盘水平位移随距离衰减十分明显.同等规模的弯曲断层导致的同震地表抬升小于平直逆断层或左旋逆断层引起的同震抬升,但能造成更明显的地表下降.由于地震规模较小,GPS等低密度空间分布的形变观测可能无法有效分辨芦山地震震源结构是否为弯曲断层.对震源结构的细节研究,还有待于利用高空间密度和高分辨率的形变观测资料.     

Development of experimental apparatus about reverse circulation bit

A set of experimental apparatus on reverse circulation bit are developed, in order to lucubrate the mechanism of the new type reverse circulation bits, and the structure of the bits influencing the ability of taking core and carrying powder. Both the major structure of the equipment and the procession of experiment are described.     

胶州湾湾口海域海水淡化取水水质分析

取水水质是影响海水淡化成本的重要因素之一,根据2007年5月、8月和11月3个航次的调查数据,对胶州湾湾口海域海水水质进行了分析。结果表明,除个别近岸站DIN超过二类海水水质标准外,pH、DO、COD、Cu、Zn、油类、PO43--P等指标均符合二类海水水质标准,SS、TDS含量较低,Ca2+、Mg2+含量低于湾内,该区海水可作为淡化取水水源,预处理工艺中应关注钙、镁、铁和锰的影响。     

琼东南盆地岩石圈伸展模拟探讨——以测线1为例

在挠曲悬臂梁模型的基础上,利用二维正、反演相结合的方法,对琼东南盆地近垂直于盆地走向、过陆架、陆坡的测线1岩石圈不同圈层的伸展因子进行计算。其中,上地壳伸展因子是通过统计地震剖面上断层水平伸展量获得,介于1.678~2.238之间;全地壳伸展因子则采用拉伸前后地壳厚度之比的方法,分布在1.251~2.468之间;岩石圈伸展因子利用剖面二维反演回剥和正演伸展模拟得到的,分布在1.062~2.647之间。沿剖面方向不同圈层的伸展因子综合对比分析表明,琼东南盆地岩石圈发生了随深度变化的伸展,但并非简单的随深度增加,而可能与岩石圈不同层次的流变学特征及伸展前岩石圈流变性的不均匀性有关。     

Comparative Determination of Mass Fractions of Elements with Variable Chalcophile Affinities in Geological Reference Materials with and without HF‐desilicification

Desilicification elevates extraction of Re and platinum‐group elements (PGEs) from many geological reference materials (RMs), but the extent to which it affects less chalcophile elements has been investigated rarely. To further evaluate the effect of desilicification, mass fractions of elements with variable chalcophile affinities (In, Cd, Cu, Ag, S, Se, Te, Re and PGEs) in different RMs were obtained by isotope dilution and digestion procedures involving HF‐HNO₃ in bombs versus HNO₃‐HCl in Carius tubes. The results show that the extraction efficiencies of HF‐desilicification vary in different RMs and for different elements. HF‐desilicification led to a significant increase (30–70%) for In and Cd mass fractions in all analysed RMs, but it played a negligible role in other strongly chalcophile elements in many samples (e.g., UB‐N and WGB‐1). Noticeably, desilicification led to a 10–30% increase in the mass fractions of Cu, Ag, S, Se and Te in BHVO‐2 and BIR‐1a, but less so in BCR‐2. These results could be attributed mainly to the variable chalcophile affinities of elements and their relative budget in sulfides, alloys and silicates. Desilicification should thus be preferred to determine chalcophile elements for most samples, except in cases where they are negligibly hosted in silicates.     

RC 50贯通式潜孔锤结构原理及其在乌山铜钼矿的应用

贯通式潜孔锤是空气反循环连续取样钻探技术中必不可少的设备之一。瑞典产RC 50贯通式潜孔锤在中国黄金集团乌山铜钼矿进行了应用,取得了良好的效果。重点对RC 50贯通式潜孔锤结构、原理、性能及其在乌山铜钼矿的应用效果进行介绍。     

反渗透水处理装置在饮料行业的应用

文章对RO装置的设计做了论述，列举了一个项目的工艺流程。