钢筋混凝土开洞剪力墙结构抗震非线性有限元分析

本文以钢筋混凝土开洞剪力墙结构为研究对象，建立了该类结构动力非线性有限元分析计算及该类结构静力非线性pushover有限元分析计算的基本过程，并编制了相应的计算机程序．通过与实验分析结果的比较，检验了本文动力非线性有限元分析计算方法的准确程度，验证了静力非线性pushover有限元分析方法应用于开洞剪力墙抗震非线性性能评估的可靠性。     

深基坑复合支护结构监测分析

某商业广场深基坑支护采用人工挖孔、排桩加锚杆及钢支撑联合支护结构形式。文章较详细地介绍了本次监测项目、运用的监测装备及其监测进程，并对支护桩水平位移、桩身内力、桩侧土压力及孔隙水压力的监测数据进行了科学分析。     

Analysis and Design of Retaining Wall having Reinforced Cohesive Frictional Backfill

The case of a rigid wall with inclined back face retaining reinforced cohesive-frictional backfill subjected to uniformly distributed surcharge load has been analyzed using limit equilibrium approach. The analysis considers the stability of an element of the failure wedge, which is assumed to develop in the reinforced earth mass adjoining the back face of wall. The non-dimensional charts have been developed for computing the lateral earth pressure on wall and the height of its point of application above the base of wall. The theoretical findings have been verified by model tests on a rigid wall retaining a dry cohesive-frictional soil reinforced by geogrid strips. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. A design example has been included to illustrate the design procedure.     

奉节县城区高挡土墙裂损破坏机理及补救措施

论文简要回顾了奉节高档墙建设和运营的基本现状。指出了奉节高档墙的一些主要裂损破坏型式:①挡墙自身墙体完好。但相对于墙背后土体,挡墙轴线有一定偏移。具体表现为墙体顶部与土体之间产生裂纹;②挡墙与墙背后土体未发生位移,墙体中部出现近横向并且有贯通趋势的裂缝或者表现为伸缩缝位置有错缝现象;③挡墙整体与背后土体均未变形。但墙面局部出现竖向臌胀裂缝。针对其破坏型式,文章简要分析了破坏机理:①墙与墙背后土体产生裂缝,主要是挡墙基础未处理好;②墙体中部出现横向贯通裂缝或伸缩缝位置有错缝现象。主要因墙背后静止土压力增大转化为主动土压力造成;③挡墙墙面局部出现竖向臌胀裂缝。主要由于地下水泉涌造成。在分析其破坏机理基础上,同时提出了一些相应的处置措施。     

Multi‐scale modelling approach for the pushover analysis of existing RC shear walls—Part II: Experimental verification

In a companion paper two different modelling approaches have been described, operating at the meso‐scale of the fibre elements and at the micro‐scale of the finite element (FE) method. The aim of this paper is to explore the efficiency of these models in the pushover analysis for the seismic assessment of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. To this purpose a prototype reference structure, one of the RC shear walls designed according to the multi‐fuse concept and tested on shaking table for the CAMUS Project, is modelled at different levels of refinement. At the micro‐scale the reinforcement and anchorage details are described with increasing accuracy in separate models, whereas at the meso‐scale one single model is used, where each element represents a large part of the structure. Static incremental non‐linear analyses are performed with both models to derive a capacity curve enveloping the experimental results and to reproduce the damage pattern at the displacement level where failure is reached. The comparison between experimental and numerical results points out the strong and weak points of the different models inside the procedure adopted, and the utility of an integration of results from both approaches. This study confirms, even for the rather difficult case at study, the capability of the pushover in reproducing the non‐linear dynamic response, both at a global and a local level, and opens the way to the use of the models within a displacement‐based design and assessment procedure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震作用下返包式加筋土挡墙数值模拟

返包式加筋土挡墙是一种柔性面板挡墙,因其良好的地基适应性及地震安全性广泛应用于交通、市政和水利等诸多领域中。本文使用FLAC^3D数值模拟程序对返包式加筋土挡墙墙面坡度、土工袋填料及筋材强度进行了抗震性能研究。研究结果表明：当墙面坡度<1∶0.30时,墙后侧向土压力分布均匀且数值较小,近似于一条竖向直线;当墙面坡度≥1∶0.30时,墙后侧向土压力分布规律一致且符合朗肯土压力理论。因此,当墙面坡度<1∶0.30时,加筋土结构应按加筋土边坡进行设计;当墙面坡度≥1∶0.30时,加筋土结构应按加筋土挡墙进行设计。土工袋填料种类对返包式加筋土挡墙地震动力响应几乎没有影响,在抗震设计时可不考虑其对挡墙的影响。筋材强度越高,返包式加筋土挡墙抗震性能越好,但筋材强度与挡墙的抗震性能不成正比例,由于加筋土结构的"加筋作用饱和"现象,大幅度提升筋材强度并不会使挡墙的抗震性能得到大幅度提升;因此,工程中在保证筋材强度达标的前提下需注意经济性。     

地铁车站超深基坑围护结构变形监测结果分析

依托上海地铁18号线杨高中路站超深基坑工程围护结构变形监测结果,从围护结构水平、垂直位移量,立柱桩垂直位移量等参数角度对超深基坑围护结构的变形规律进行探讨和总结。分析可知,随着基坑的分层开挖施工,围护结构水平位移曲线表现为“大肚状”形态,最大位移点不断下移,最终稳定在093～107倍开挖深度处,最大水平变形量约为开挖深度的330‰,平均最大隆起变形量约为开挖深度的052‰,立柱呈现隆起状态,隆起位移量约为开挖深度的091‰,与周边管线监测数据变形趋势基本一致,上述规律可为类似工程的设计和施工提供借鉴。     

大连沿海国际中心基坑支护设计

当前基坑支护设计基本以相关基坑设计软件为依托,进行极限平衡的电子计算,但是电算不能从本质上表现出受危基坑侧壁危险性与支挡结构之间的受力关系。而本文以大连星海湾沿海国际中心基坑支护设计为例,以手算的方式直观还原上述受力关系,为基坑侧壁选择支护方案。     

钢花管注浆加固在高速公路边坡挡墙病害防治中的应用研究

高速公路建设期间,挡墙作为边坡加固方式之一得到了普遍应用,但随着高速公路运营时间增长,由于前期设计、施工、养护等原因,边坡挡墙病害不断增多,其安全问题成为了公路运营过程中亟待解决的难题。钢花管注浆加固能够起到加固岩土体、增强抗滑能力,而嵌入地层的钢花管又能起到锚固桩作用,是较好的边坡病害处治方法,但目前在运营高速公路挡墙病害防治中的研究应用相对较少。文章以浙江省某高速公路K298边坡挡墙为例,根据边坡的地质条件及挡墙病害情况采用钢花管注浆加固,并确定了合理的注浆压力、扩散半径及注浆孔间距。工程实践结果表明该方法是一种经济适用、施工简便的挡墙病害处治措施。     

新疆伊犁某移民新区黄土滑坡成因分析及防治对策

移民新区东坡滑坡发育于小吉尔格朗河东岸二级残留阶地,坡面中部,坡体平均坡度35°,均为小型土质滑坡。因滑坡剪出口位置较高,滑动后,多为快速滑动,极易成灾,对沙尕村移民新区构成较大威胁。通过研究发现,滑坡主要受地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造等原生地质条件控制,受大气降水、地下水、地震、人类工程活动等外界条件影响,其中大气降水和地下水为滑坡成因的主要影响因素。结合滑坡成因及影响因素,提出抗滑桩板墙和挡土墙相结合并辅以排水措施的防治方案,对该地区的滑坡防治具有较好的指导意义。