复合土钉支护结构中土钉设置的合理型式

采用非线性有限元方法,并借助正交试验原理,以支护最大水平位移为衡量目标,对复合土钉墙设计中的关键技术———土钉设置型式,包括倾角、间距、长度分布规律进行了合理性方面的研究。研究表明:将最长的土钉放于基坑中下部、保持较小的土钉间距和增大基坑中下部土钉倾角是复合土钉支护中土钉设置的最佳型式;在影响基坑变形敏感性程度上,土钉长度分布规律、间距、倾角依次降低。     

A contribution to seismic shear design of R/C walls in dual structures

The paper focuses on the seismic response of walls in dual (frame + wall) structures, with particular emphasis on shear behaviour. Although dual structures are widely used in earthquake-resistant medium-rise and high-rise buildings, the provisions of modern seismic codes regarding design of walls for shear are not fully satisfactory, particularly in the (common) case that walls of substantially different length form part of the same structure. Relevant provisions of the leading seismic codes are first summarised and their limitations discussed. Then an extensive parametric study is presented, involving two multistorey dual systems, one with identical walls, and one with walls with unequal length, designed to the provisions of Eurocode 8 for two different ductility classes (H and M). The walls of the same structures are also designed to other methods such as those used in New Zealand and Greece. The resulting different designs are then assessed by subjecting the structures to a suite of strong ground motions, carrying out inelastic time history analysis, and comparing the results against design action effects. It is found that although modern code procedures generally lead to satisfactory performance (differences among them do exist), the design of walls seems to be less appropriate in the case of unequal length walls. For this case a modified procedure is proposed, consisting of an additional factor to account for the relative contribution of walls of the same length to the total base and an improved envelope of wall shears along the height; this improved method seems to work better than the other procedures evaluated herein, but further calibration is clearly required.     

Towards error‐free hybrid simulation using mixed variables

Two procedures are developed and implemented in a hybrid simulation system (HSS) with the aim of enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the online, i.e. pseudo‐dynamic, test results. The first procedure aims at correcting the experimental systematic error in executing the displacement command signal. The error is calculated as the difference between command and feedback signals and correlated to the actuator velocity using the least‐squares method. A feed‐forward error compensation scheme is devised leading to a more accurate execution of the test. The second procedure employs mixed variables with mode switching between displacement and force controls. The newly derived force control algorithm is evaluated using a parametric study to assess its stability and accuracy. The implementation of the mixed variables procedure is designed to adopt force control for high stiffness states of the structural response and displacement control otherwise, where the resolution of the involved instruments may favour this type of mixed control. A simple pseudo‐dynamic experiment of steel cantilever members is used to validate the HSS. Moreover, two experiments as application examples for the two developed procedures are presented. The two experiments focus on the seismic response of (a) timber shear walls and (b) reinforced concrete frames with and without unreinforced masonry infill wall. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江门市某病害挡土墙的工程治理实践

详细介绍了江门市某病挡土墙的工程治理实践，通过对病害挡土墙的原因分析，提出了合理的整治方案及施工处理措施，达到预期整治效果。     

Post-earthquake investigation on several geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls and slopes during the Ji-Ji earthquake of Taiwan

This paper gives an overview on the application of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures in Taiwan. Taiwan has an unique topography and geotechnical conditions that rendered a less conservative and more challenging design compared to that of North America, Europe and Japan. The Ji-Ji (Chi-Chi) earthquake of 1999 gave an opportunity to examine the behavior of reinforced soil structures. The performance of several modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls and reinforced slopes at the vicinity of the fault was evaluated. Reinforced structures performed better than unreinforced soil retaining walls. The failure cases were highlighted and the cause of failure was identified. The lack of seismic design consideration could be a major cause of failure. The compound failure mode, the inertia force of the blocks, and the connection stiffness and strength relative to the large dynamic earth pressure, were among major items that would warrant further design consideration.     

Seismic Displacement of Gravity Walls by a Two-body Model

Gravity walls retaining dry soil are modeled as a system of two bodies: (a) the gravity wall that slides along the wall-foundation soil boundary and (b) the critical soil wedge in the soil behind the wall. The strength of the system is defined by both the frictional and the cohesional components of resistance. The angle of the prism of the critical soil wedge behind the wall is obtained using the limit equilibrium method. The model accounts for changes in the geometry of the backfill soil behind the wall by considering the displacements at the end of each time step under limit equilibrium. The model shows that the standard (single) block model is over-conservative for the extreme case of critical-to-applied-seismic acceleration ratios less than about 0.30, but works well for cases where this ratio ranges between 0.5 and 0.8. The model is applied to predict the seismic displacement of gravity walls (a) tested in the shaking-table and (b) studied numerically by elaborate elasto–plastic analyses.     

紧邻在建主楼桩基的地下室基坑围护设计实例

该文介绍了一个紧邻在建主桩基的地下室基坑围护设计的实例。通过对工期、施工空间、安全性以及造价的综合分析,确定了以土钉墙为主的围护方式。通过有限元计算对开挖所造成的主楼桩基与地基土的相互作用机理的分析, 表明桩对土的约束作用限制在一定的范围内。根据分析结果,在设计中采用比较大的安全系数以及开挖前的超前支护结构以控制开挖过程中主楼基础地板下地基土的侧向位移,最大限度地减少由于地下室开挖卸载而造成的主动土压力对已有主楼桩基的影响,保证在地下室开挖过程中主楼的施工安全,同时也保证了地下室已有桩基的安全。实践证明,这种方法是有效的,对同类工程的围护设计具有一定的借鉴价值。     

预应力锚杆在深基坑围护中的应用

通过工程实例，对深基坑围护中土层锚杆的设计、整体稳定分析作了论述，同时对影响锚杆承载力的因素作了分析。     

深基坑锚杆护坡桩支护结构稳定性评价

锚杆护坡桩是深基坑工程常用的一种支护结构。文中对设计中所涉及到的结构稳定性评价问题进行了探讨,利用Ｋｒａｎｚ理论一些假设和条分法原理,提出了深基坑锚杆抗护坡桩稳定性评价的方法。该方法克服了Ｋｒａｎｚ理论中的一些不足,简化了条分法的计算并通过支护工程验证,具有一定的实用价值。     

近地铁结构地连墙施工技术可行性分析与应用

随着城市经济建设的飞速发展,城市地下空间开发项目日益增多。工程施工中经常遇到紧邻地下建筑物进行开挖、钻进等情况,特别是地下连续墙这样较大面积深层开挖的工法,势必会对原有地下建筑造成一定影响,稍有不慎,便会造成安全质量事故。结合工程实例,简要介绍了地下连续墙在上海市某紧邻地铁结构基坑工程中的应用。通过可行性分析,采取相关的施工过程控制措施使其在施工过程中对地铁结构的变形影响达到最小,实践证明了该法对同类复杂工程的适应性。