湛江湾口外落潮三角洲演变特征

基于湛江湾口外海图地形资料,采用GIS与动力地貌分析的方法,研究了近50年来湛江湾口外落潮三角洲的冲淤变化特征,对湛江湾口外落潮三角洲的演变机制进行了探讨。湛江口外落潮三角洲体系包括口外东北浅滩、西南边滩及口门通道深槽。近50年来,东北浅滩东缘及滩顶出现了侵蚀后退,浅滩西缘和南缘呈淤积趋势,东北浅滩整体有西移南扩趋势;西南边滩有不同程度的侵蚀后退;口门通道深槽有所淤积。湛江湾口外落潮三角洲侵蚀与沿岸泥沙供给不足及人类活动影响有关,口门通道深槽淤积除与落潮三角洲侵蚀泥沙向西搬运有关外,还可能与湛江湾内围垦导致口门通道潮汐动力减弱有关。航道北侧东北浅滩变化对航道回淤的可能影响值得关注。     

压实红黏土的恒体积膨胀力与细观机制研究

针对目前量测土体膨胀力的主要方法所存在的不足,提出近似完全限制条件下测量土体膨胀力的改进方法。以压实红黏土为研究对象,测到不同初始状态（含水率、干密度）试样的膨胀力,并与膨胀反压法测得的膨胀力进行对比分析,发现限制膨胀方法测得的膨胀力要小于膨胀反压法的试验值。同时,显现出限制膨胀法测膨胀力具有3个主要优点：试验过程中保持土体不发生变形,更加符合膨胀力的物理定义;试验耗时少、占空间少;能测较宽含水率范围内的膨胀力。最后,利用压汞法和氮吸附法测得不同状态下土体的细观孔隙结构分布特征。结果表明：相同干密度试样,制样含水率对压实土体的孔隙分布影响显著;黏土晶间和粒间吸水自由膨胀后发生“不可逆”膨胀变形;土体发生“不可逆”膨胀变形程度是引起限制膨胀法和膨胀反压法所得试验结果出现差异的主要原因。     

The use of fractal geometry to determine the impact of inlet migration on the dynamics of a seagrass landscape

The use of fractal geometry to evaluate seagrass scaling behavior and the persistence of seagrass landscape patterns in relation to a disturbance is presented in this paper.Ria Formosa is a dynamic barrier-island system with a migrating inlet that creates a cyclic disturbance in a seagrass landscape. Seagrass patches which develop in the intertidal and shallow subtidal areas of Ria Formosa were digitized from a temporal sequence of aerial photographs, from 1980 to 1998. The methodology used to evaluate seagrass scaling behavior was proposed by Meltzer and Hastings (1992), and relates the frequency distribution of patch size with the existence of patch size-related patterns. The Hurst exponent was calculated to assess the temporal persistence of the seagrass landscape. Univariate regression was used to investigate relations between temporal persistence and disturbance. The existence of patch size-related patterns was identified for all years suggesting shifts in generating processes occurring at different domains of scales in the seagrass landscape. The results enforces the idea that it is important to recognize the existence of diverse processes occurring at different domains of scales and, emphasizes the importance of evaluating issues of temporal and spatial scale while trying to understand changes in seagrass landscapes. The Hurst exponent estimates show that although the migration and relocation of the inlet affected this system the evolutionary trajectory of the seagrass landscape is persistent, i.e., the patch dynamics observed is stable. Furthermore, persistence values were different for differently sized patches, small patches having lower persistence then larger patches.     

基于Broyden方法的不对称与对称周期解延拓算法与应用

考虑周期解的数值延拓问题并提出基于Broyden拟牛顿法来延拓周期解的一种有效算法,先后以布鲁塞尔振子、平面圆型限制性三体问题(Planar Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem, PCRTBP)的周期解为例进行了验证.这里的Broyden方法包含线性搜索、正交三角分解求线性方程组的步骤.对一般的周期解,周期性条件方程组中含有周期作为待延拓参数,可用周期来决定积分时长,将解代入周期性条件得到积分型的非线性方程组,利用Broyden方法迭代延拓直至初值收敛.根据两次垂直通过一个超平面的轨道是对称周期轨道的性质,可采用插值的方法求得再次抵达超平面的解分量,得到周期性条件方程组,再用Broyden方法求解.结合哈密顿系统的对称性和PCRTBP周期轨道的一些分类,对2/1、3/1的内共振周期解族进行了数值研究.最后,对算法和计算结果做了总结和讨论.     

Geomorphology of the Boao coastal system and potential effects of human activities - Hainan Island, South China

The Boao coastal system along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is a dynamic delta-tidal inlet-barrier formed during the late Holocene. The delta developed inside a shallow lagoon barred by a sandy barrier with a narrow, shallow tidal inlet opening. Two major distributary channels separated by small islands characterize the delta. The lagoon is silting up receiving and trapping sediments from both the river and, in minor measure during storms, through the tidal inlet opening and barrier washovers. The barrier at the tidal inlet is highly dynamic and changes its form, accreting (migrating spit) against the inlet during fair-weather conditions and being eroded during storms and river floods. The delta has almost completely filled the lagoon and major concerns exist on the effect that ongoing large development plans may have on the environment. These concerns include the effect on floods and rate of siltation once banks of the islands have been stabilized and floodwater and sediment load are impeded from spreading over the lowlands, and the effect of increasing pollutant loads from the new facilities on the ecosystems of the increasingly restricting lagoon water and on the seashores.     

川中地区磨溪气田龙王庙组有利储集相带分布特征

近年来,川中地区磨溪气田龙王庙组气藏的勘探研究逐步受到重视。对沉积环境及沉积相进行研究分析,精确划分其有利储集相带是指导开发的重点。通过测井资料、三维地震资料的分析,综合区域沉积背景,对龙王庙组沉积相进行研究。结果表明,磨溪区块龙王庙组主要为局限台地沉积,包括潟湖、台内滩、云坪等沉积亚相,纵向上主要分为2个沉积旋回,单个旋回由下到上为潟湖、台内滩、云坪,指示水体变浅。台内滩中的滩核微相颗粒云岩纯度高、单体厚度大,孔洞发育程度高,为最有利的储集相带。     

海南岛万泉河口海岸动态及其整治对策

通过应用沉积动力学方法计算了万泉河口口门均衡过水断面面积和沿岸输沙率．计算结果表明,波浪对万泉河口沿岸沉积物的输送起着控制作用,南北向输沙作用强烈,同时潮汐汊道目前处于不稳定阶段,口门断面的变化很大。在分析了万泉河口的自然地理条件以及基本演变规律后,还从增加纳潮量、扩大纳潮水域面积、整治沙美内海及其周边生态环境、建设导堤工程改善拦门沙的浅滩航道等方面提出了万泉河口潮汐汉道口门和航道治理的一些工程和生态措施。     

滇池入湖河流磷负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献

研究了2013年滇池主要入湖河流总磷(TP)及各形态磷浓度的时空变化与入湖负荷特征,并探讨了不同形态磷的入湖负荷贡献.结果表明:(1)滇池河流入湖TP浓度在0.11~1.93 mg/L之间,以溶解性无机磷(DIP)和颗粒态磷(PP)为主,溶解性有机磷(DOP)浓度较低;(2)滇池河流入湖磷负荷总量为280.51 t/a,绝大多数河流主要以DIP形态入湖,平均贡献率为43.48%;PP形态入湖负荷次之,平均贡献率为31.64%;DOP入湖负荷较低,平均贡献率为24.88%;(3)DIP入湖负荷贡献率较高值出现在3、4和11月的枯水期,平均入湖负荷贡献率达到55.30%;PP入湖负荷贡献率较高值出现在1和7月,平均入湖负荷贡献率为56.14%;DOP入湖负荷贡献率月变化差异较小,最高值出现在12月,贡献率为21.85%;(4)研究滇池入湖河流污染负荷不仅要考虑溶解态无机磷的贡献,而且需要重视PP和DOP负荷,控制滇池入湖河流污染负荷需要考虑不同河流不同形态磷负荷组成及月变化差异特征,有针对性地采取相应措施.     

有机污染物在含土工膜复合隔离墙和含水层系统的运移半解析模型

为评估土工膜与土-膨润土组成的复合隔离墙对有机污染物的防污性能,建立了污染物在源区域发生降解扩散时透过复合隔离墙的一维瞬态扩散模型。通过拉普拉斯变换和Talbot数值反演获得了模型解。第3类入流边界条件下,考虑源区的扩散和降解时,第1类隔离墙(土工膜/土-膨润土)和第2类隔离墙(土-膨润土/土工膜/土-膨润土)100 a的击穿浓度分别较源浓度恒定时减少了59%和53%。由于假设土工膜渗透系数高于10^–12 m/s,污染物在复合隔离墙中的对流作用不能忽略,因此,采用第2类复合隔离墙使土-膨润土能更好地发挥主导隔离作用。将土工膜的渗透系数从10^–10 m/s减少到10^–16 m/s,第1类复合隔离墙的击穿时间从26 a增加到188 a,第2类复合隔离墙的击穿时间从32 a增加到81 a。利用抽水井调整墙体内外为负水头差及提高源区的污染物降解能力,可使隔离墙的防污性能得到较大提升。     

矿产资源勘查可持续发展及跨越式发展的主要制约因素及对策

本文阐述了矿产资源可持续发展与跨越式发展的关系，指出矿产资源可持续发展主要依靠矿产资源勘查的可持续发展和跨越式发展，其主要制约因素是科技、人才和资金。文中分析了我国矿产资源勘查行业科技、人才、资金状况，并提出了解决制约矿产资源勘查可持续发展和跨越式发展的主要对策。