某地下空间承压含水层抽水试验及成果分析

由于地下水突涌风险,地下空间在施工作业中有必要通过抽水试验确定承压含水层的水文地质参数。依据勘察报告的初步评价,基坑开挖15.5m时,场地内第⑦1层承压含水层有可能产生突涌,为确保工程安全施工,需开挖前进行承压含水层抽水试验,取得场地承压含水层水文地质参数及降水引起的沉降特征,为地下空间设计和施工提供可靠依据。本次布设抽水井、观测井、分层沉降标组、孔隙水压力观测孔及地面沉降观测点,依据抽水试验技术要求获取渗透系数、抽水影响半径等相关水文地质参数。最后,针对工程场地内承压水情况及特点进行分析,提出基坑开挖时的承压水降压建议方案。     

中国陆相油页岩含油率与总有机碳的响应机理

为了建立稳定可靠的利用油页岩总有机碳预测含油率的模型,揭示中国陆相不同成因类型油页岩含油率与总有机碳的内在关系极其重要。通过不同类型盆地油页岩钻井取心测试的关键参数,结合沉积学、有机地球化学、热模拟等学科技术,探讨油页岩含油率与总有机碳的响应机理。结果表明：不同盆地类型与沉积背景下发育的油页岩含油率与总有机碳质量分数均呈现良好的正相关性（R²=0.81~0.97）;中国陆相油页岩的成因类型进一步划分为5种类型,制约着含油率与总有机碳的内在关系;油页岩的升温加热模拟呈现3个失重阶段（温度<150、300~550、600~750℃）,明确了含油率与总有机碳参数的物理意义;相同类型盆地与沉积背景下形成的油页岩具有相近的母质生源组合,从而具有大致相当的再生烃效率。中国陆相油页岩成因类型的细划、含油率与总有机碳物理意义的明确、油页岩再生烃能力的分析,有助于理解中国陆相油页岩含油率与总有机碳的内在响应关系。     

An integrated macroelement formulation for the dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies

This paper presents a macroelement formulation for the prediction of the planar dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies. The formulation is based on a previous macroelement developed by the authors able to describe the cyclic response of inelastic rocking bodies, which takes into account the deformability both along the height of the member, as well as near the rocking end. Modifications of this formulation to account for other motion modes of rocking members during their dynamic response, namely, sliding and upthrow, as well as modifications to account for damping in a uniform manner during the whole motion, including impacts, are introduced. The dynamic response predicted by the macroelement for free-standing rigid and deformable rocking bodies is presented and compared with existing theoretical solutions, and the effect of deformability, damping, inelasticity, and friction on the response is discussed.     

Dynamic loading tests and seismic response analysis of a stud-type damper composed of multiple friction units with disc springs

This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of a shear-sliding stud-type damper composed of multiple friction units with high-tension bolts and disc springs. A numerical evaluation of the response reduction effects achieved by the stud-type damper is also presented. In dynamic loading tests, the behavior of stud-type multiunit friction damper specimens was investigated. Three different full-scale damper specimens, which were composed of five, six, or seven friction units with two or four sliding surfaces, were incorporated into loading devices for testing. The stud-type friction dampers demonstrated stable rigid-plastic hysteresis loops without any remarkable decrease in the sliding force even when subjected to repetitive loading, in addition to showing no unstable behavior such as lateral buckling. The damper produced a total sliding force approximately proportional to the number of sliding surfaces and friction units. The total sliding force of the stud-type damper can thus be estimated by summing the contributions of each friction unit. In an earthquake response simulation, the control effects achieved by stud-type dampers incorporated into an analytical high-rise building model under various input waves, including long-period, long-duration and pulse-like ground motions, were evaluated. A satisfactory response reduction was obtained by installing the developed stud-type dampers into the main frame without negatively impacting usability and convenience in terms of building planning.     

The shape of the seismic response interaction diagram: The effect of combination rules in response spectrum analysis

This paper deals with the construction of seismic response interaction diagrams that show the correlation of multiple responses and are important to determine the critical combination of modal responses. Many design problems, such as column design under combined axial force and bending moments, fall into this category. We address general modal and multicomponent combination rules and study their effect on the shape of the response interaction diagrams, thus extending previous work done for quadratic combination rules. Special attention is given to multilinear combination rules which lead to polyhedral shapes. Having developed efficient methods to deal with polyhedral shapes, we explore the idea of adopting a multilinear modal combination rule to compose with a multicomponent percentage rule.     

Discussion of user-defined parameters for recursive subspace identification: Application to seismic response of building structures

Structural damage assessment under external loading, such as earthquake excitation, is an important issue in structural safety evaluation. In this regard, an appropriate data analysis and system identification technique is required to interpret the measured data and to identify the state of the structure. Generally, the recursive system identification algorithm is used. In this study, the recursive subspace identification (RSI) algorithm based on the matrix inversion lemma algorithm with oblique projection technique (RSI-Inversion-Oblique) is applied to investigate the time-varying dynamic characteristics. The user-defined parameters used in the RSI-Inversion-Oblique technique are carefully discussed, which include the size of the data Hankel matrix (i), model order to extract the physical modes, and forgetting factor (FF) to detect the time-varying system modal frequencies. Response data from the Northridge earthquake from the Sherman Oaks building (CSMIP) is used as an example to examine a systematic method to determine the suitable user-defined parameters in RSI. It is concluded that the number of rows in the data Hankel matrix significantly influences the identification of the time-varying fundamental modal frequency of the structure. An algorithmic model order selection method using the eigenvalue distribution of RSI-Inversion can detect the system modal frequencies at each appending data window without causing any abnormality.     

Nonlinear dynamic tests of a reinforced concrete frame building at different damage levels

This paper discusses the dynamic tests of a two-story infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame building using an eccentric-mass shaker. The building, located in El Centro, CA, was substantially damaged prior to the tests due to the seismic activity in the area. During the testing sequence, five infill walls were removed to introduce additional damage states and to investigate the changes in the dynamic properties and the nonlinear response of the building to the induced excitations. The accelerations and displacements of the structure under the forced and ambient vibrations were recorded through an array of sensors, while lidar scans were obtained to document the damage. The test data provide insight into the nonlinear response of an actual building and the change of its resonant frequencies and operational shapes due to varying damage levels and changes of the excitation amplitude, frequency, and orientation.     

大规模群桩基础水平承载力效应系数计算研究

桩基础在水平荷载或地震作用下的承载力计算一直是工程界的一个研究难点,近年来随着建筑、桥梁桩基础的规模大幅增加,基于小规模、小比例尺群桩基础水平承载力试验得出来的结论和计算方法可能会不适应新的计算要求,相关的认识和计算方法需要重新论证和更新。本文针对大规模群桩基础水平承载力效应系数的计算问题,首先对国内外研究进展进行调研,发现现有的规范计算方法可能会高估群桩基础的水平承载力。针对这些问题,对大规模群桩基础的水平承载力效应系数进行有限元数值计算分析,探讨水平承载力效应系数的规律,给出相应的计算方法,并与规范计算方法结果进行对比。本文的研究结果可为相应的工程设计问题提供依据,结果的适用性需要今后进一步的检验。     

连续弯箱梁自行车桥地震响应分析

为研究厦门市弯箱梁自行车桥的地震响应规律,采用SAP2000有限元软件建立自行车高架桥三维壳体模型,在考虑多遇地震和罕遇地震水准作用及不同加载方向的基础上,分别采用反应谱分析法和时程分析法进行该桥的动力响应分析。结果表明：自行车桥z方向位移分量最大,且z方向分量极值均发生在曲线分叉段;相对剪力而言,桥墩竖向支反力相对较小;E1和E2地震水准响应情况随时间的变化趋势基本一致,桥梁结构未进入塑形状态,抗震性能良好,安全性指标较高;反应谱法计算得到的响应包络值相对3条不同的地震时程结果的峰值大,在实际桥梁抗震分析过程中需要综合考虑两者的分析结果。文章研究结果对今后自行车桥设计和抗震性能分析具有指导意义,并可为研究者对该类桥的进一步研究提供借鉴。     

非饱和土中剪切S波的传播特性分析

基于对非饱和多孔介质的研究成果,考虑孔隙中的液相和气相的相互影响,研究非饱和土地基中剪切S波的传播特性。通过非饱和土中固相、液相和气相的质量平衡方程、动量平衡方程和非饱和土有效应力原理,建立问题的弹性波动方程,经过理论推导给出非饱和土中剪切S波的弥散特征方程。通过数值算例分析剪切S波的波速和衰减系数随饱和度、频率和固有渗透系数等因素的变化规律。结果表明,剪切S波的波速几乎不受饱和度的影响,但其随着频率的增大而减小,随着固有渗透系数的增大先不变后增大;剪切S波的衰减系数随着饱和度和频率的增加均增大,而随着固有渗透系数的增大先不变后增大最后减小。