黄芪多糖对大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用

为探究黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide,APS)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)头肾巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用,本研究从植物黄芪中分离纯化得到APS,用流式细胞仪检测其对头肾巨噬细胞呼吸爆发和吞噬活性的影响,并采用qPCR检测APS对3种细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6基因转录水平的影响。实验结果显示,50、100、200、400、800μg/cm 3 APS可以显著抑制巨噬细胞的氧呼吸爆发(ROS);100、200、400、800μg/cm 3 APS可以显著抑制细胞的氮呼吸爆发(NO);50、100、200μg/cm 3 APS预处理后可以显著增强脂多糖(LPS)刺激头肾巨噬细胞的吞噬活性;200μg/cm 3 APS可以显著增强TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA在6、12、24 h的表达量。结果表明,APS对离体培养大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞有明显的免疫调节作用。     

幼年上呼吸道感染发病的预测模型研究

为找出金华市幼年上呼吸道感染发病的季节规律性及其与气候的关系,建立更为稳定、可靠的预测模型,利用基于人体热量平衡的体感温度模型计算了幼年在室内、室外有遮蔽和室外无遮蔽环境中的日体感温度。在此基础上,计算了3种环境中的旬最高、最低体感温度等因子。将一元一次线性回归、自然正交函数（EOF）和逐步回归方法结合起来,建立了上呼吸道感染的旬发病人数预测模型。经检验,炎热季节该预测模型的拟合值和实际值的变化趋势一致,峰值出现期也相同,值的差异较小。凉爽季节预测模型的拟合值和实际值的变化趋势基本一致,但拟合的峰值期不太明显,值的差异也较大。     

清肺利咽合剂治疗肺燥阴伤型新型冠状病毒感染后急性咳嗽43 例

目的：观察清肺利咽合剂治疗肺燥阴伤型新型冠状病毒感染（简称“新冠病毒感染”）后急性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法：将86 例新冠病毒感染后急性咳嗽患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各43 例。对照组口服复方福尔可定溶液,治疗组口服清肺利咽合剂,2组均连续治疗1周。比较2组临床疗效、简易咳嗽程度评分表（CET）积分及不良反应发生率。结果：总有效率治疗组为93.02%（40/43）,对照组为74.42%（32/43）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05);治疗后2组CET积分均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组（P＜0.05);不良反应发生率治疗组为2.33%（1/43）,低于对照组的16.28%（7/43）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。结论：清肺利咽合剂治疗肺燥阴伤型新冠病毒感染后急性咳嗽的疗效优于西药治疗,且不良反应较少,安全性高。     

气温对呼吸和循环系统疾病影响及未来变化预估研究综述

随着全球气候变化的加剧,极端天气气候事件对相关人群健康的影响越发凸显。气温是气候变化的主要指标之一,也是影响人体健康关键的气象因素,呼吸和循环系统疾病作为主要的气象敏感性疾病,受气温的影响显著。本文通过梳理国内外气温对呼吸、循环系统疾病影响及未来随气候变化的风险预估等相关研究,探明了气温对诱发呼吸、循环系统疾病乃至死亡的共性和差异;适宜温度有利于降低呼吸、循环系统疾病的发病率,这为气候趋利的候鸟式旅居康养提供了理论依据。未来中国高温天气发生频次增加和强度增强,对老年人群及呼吸、循环系统疾病患者将产生更大影响。因此,候鸟式夏季避暑康养、有效降低其发病风险就显得更为重要。     

莫桑比克罗非鱼在降温过程中与呼吸有关的血糖和乳酸含量变化的研究

在海水中养殖的莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus),水温从20℃开始,以1℃/小时速度下降到10℃为终止温度时发现随着温度的逐渐下降,呼吸次数逐渐减少,水温降至14℃以下时,明显地表现出机能的衰竭。本文对与鱼类体温调节有关的血糖和乳酸的含量,在不同的温度梯度下进行了测定。并对以上两种供能物质的变动情况与呼吸机能衰竭的相互关系进行了分析和讨论。     

Distribution of Biological Activity in the Lower St Lawrence Estuary as Determined by Multivariate Analysis

Three stations located in the Laurentian Trough were investigated three times during the summer production maximum (in June-July 1990; COUPPB90-1 cruise). A range of multivariate analyses was carried out to extract major physical-biological features in a large data set covering the whole cruise. This study presents the advantages of combining conventional principal component analysis (PCA) with a three-way data analysis. PCA provides the centre of gravity of the different locations for each variable and each sample during the cruise without temporal information. Three-way data analysis produces the trajectory of the different site/time locations for each variable and each sample, and clarifies spatial and temporal relationships between variables. The results reproduce the main patterns of the lower St Lawrence Estuary during the summer plankton bloom and indicate an upstream movement of warm and less saline waters associated with surface production. Apparently these large changes at the surface are not reflected in the deeper layers. Cluster analysis suggests that autotrophic and heterotrophic activities are decoupled when production is low and are correlated only when production increases.     

土壤异养呼吸温度敏感性(Q_(10))的影响因子

首先对国内外土壤异养呼吸Q10的研究成果进行了全面的综合述评.影响土壤异养呼吸Q10的因子主要包括环境因子(主要是温度和湿度)、呼吸底物和土壤生物等.较多的研究表明土壤异养呼吸的Q10在低温时较高,高温时较低,但Q10也可随温度升高而增加,或随温度变化而保持稳定;通常土壤异养呼吸的Q10与土壤水分成正相关,但极端水分条件下(干旱胁迫或渍水)Q10较低;有限的研究表明呼吸底物和土壤生物对土壤异养呼吸Q10的影响还具有很大的不确定性;调控土壤异养呼吸Q10的机理目前还不清楚.然后从温度、水分、呼吸底物、土壤微生物对土壤异养呼吸Q10的影响等方面对影响土壤异养呼吸温度敏感性的原因进行了深入的探讨,并提出未来应重点开展的研究:⑴加强不同尺度土壤异养呼吸Q10的影响因子及调控机理研究;⑵扩大土壤异养呼吸Q10的野外研究;⑶扩大热带、亚热带土壤异养呼吸Q10的研究;⑷深入探讨呼吸底物有效性和土壤生物对土壤异养呼吸Q10的影响;⑸加强其他因子对土壤异养呼吸Q10影响的研究.     

Variability of the respiratory surface area of pupae in Simulium monticola species group (Diptera, Simuliidae)

The variability of the respiratory surface area of Simulium monticola Friederichs, 1920 and Simulium argyreatum Meigen, 1838 pupae was studied in detail. 333 pupae from Western Carpathian Mts. were investigated. According to the tubercles on thorax and head of the pupa of S. monticola, two morphological forms were distinguished (S. monticola 1 and S. monticola 2). Both were studied separately. In any species or form respectively we measured the lengths of all respiratory filaments and basal trunks, the widths of the basal trunks, the widths of the filaments on their proximal and distal end and the widths 0.25 mm from the proximal end. In all species (forms) differences in the size of the respiratory surface area between the first (April – June) and the second generation (August – October) were found. In S. monticola 1 the mean real respiratory surface area was significantly (p < 0.001) larger in spring (3.67 mm²) than in summer (2.19 mm²). In S. monticola 2 the mean real respiratory surface area was 3.45 mm² in spring, and it was significantly larger in females than in males (p = 0.034). In S. argyreatum the mean real respiratory surface area was 2.80 mm² in spring 2001 while in different summer generations it was significantly smaller: 1.58 mm² in 1999, 1.84 mm² in 2000 and 2.12 mm² in 2001. All these groups differed significantly from each other. Regression models could explain 64.5% (power model) of the real respiratory surface area in S. monticola 1 and 19.9% (various models) of the real respiratory surface area in S. argyreatum due to the variability of the adult size.     

降雪对生物土壤结皮光合及呼吸作用的影响

通过对降雪处理下2种生物土壤结皮（藓类结皮和藻类结皮）光合及呼吸作用的测定,研究了降雪后生物土壤结皮净光合速率和呼吸速率的变化特征。结果表明：冬季生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率受空气温度,辐射及土壤水分的影响,水分是关键影响因子;生物土壤结皮的光合及呼吸作用主要有3个阶段性的变化;降雪后生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率都会先增加后降低;生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率变化会受到积雪覆盖、降雪改变温度及水分的影响;生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率与降雪量正相关。本研究证实了冬季生物土壤结皮的光合与呼吸作用不可忽略,对全球碳循环过程有重要意义。     

Effects of waterborne Fe(II) on juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus: analysis of respiratory rate, hematology and gill histology

The concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) is high in some groundwater supplies used in turbot culture,and the toxicity of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) is unknown.We investigated the stress responses of juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus,exposed to Fe(Ⅱ) of different concentrations (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1,and 2 mg/L) for 1,7,14,and 28 d,under the same ambient conditions of other parameters.Changes in respiratory rate,hematological parameters,and gill structure were determined.The results show that waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) did not cause severe hematological perturbation to turbot.A low-medium Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (lower than 0.1 mg/L) could boost the respiratory rate,and caused no or very limited damage to fish.A high Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (0.1 mg/L or higher),however,caused gill damage,such as vacuoles in branchial lamellae,epithelial necrosis,and hypertrophy of epithelial cells,and even death after extended exposure time.Therefore,excess waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) and long-term exposure to Fe(Ⅱ) could be responsible for poor growth and high mortality of turbot in culture.The concentration of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) in turbot culture should be kept below 0.1 mg/L.