黄河三角洲滩涂资源开发利用研究

在对黄河三角洲各岸段滩涂资源特点分析的基础上,从滩涂的定义出发,结合黄河口三角洲土地资源开发利用的具体情况,对三角洲各岸段的滩涂范围进行了界定,给出了三角洲地区滩涂资源数量及其分布的研究成果。     

远洋梭子蟹ITS-1基因片段的序列分析

采用PCR扩增和序列测定等技术,对远洋梭子蟹Portunus pelagicus核rDNA的第一内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer 1,ITS-1)的基因片段进行了初步研究。经PCR扩增和序列测定,得到ITS-1基因片段的碱基序列。该物种ITS-1基因片段的大小为552 bp,碱基A、T、G和C的含量分别为23.00%、25.54%、23.91%和27.54%。同时还对近年来ITS-1在十足目动物分子系统学研究中的应用作一概述并列举了已测出ITS-1序列的十足目动物种类。     

Catch-quota balancing in multispecies individual fishing quotas

Individual fishery quotas (IFQs) are an increasingly prevalent form of fishery management around the world, with more than 170 species currently managed with IFQs. Yet, because of the difficulties in matching quota holdings with catches, many argue that IFQs are not appropriate for multispecies fisheries. Using on-the-ground-experience with multispecies IFQ fisheries in Iceland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, we assess the design and use of catch-quota balancing mechanisms. Our methodology includes a mix of interviews with fishery managers, industry representatives, and brokers, literature review, and data analysis. We find that a combination of incentives and limits on use rates for the mechanisms provide sufficient flexibility to the quota owner without the fishery manager incurring excessive levels of overexploitation risk. Contrary to some opinions, these programs are evidence that it is possible to implement IFQ programs for multispecies fisheries and that they can be profitable and sustainable.     

高速公路中桩坐标计算及放样方法的探讨

探讨应用Casio-fx4850编程实现现场快速解算任意桩号坐标。最后讨论了实际放样工作中经常遇到的问题与解决办法。     

Defending community? Indigeneity, self-determination and institutional ambivalence in the restoration of Lake Whakaki

Conservation practitioners have scrutinized the credibility and effectiveness of community-based natural resource management, noting its romantic misconceptions about communities and their capacities. Early approaches failed to acknowledge the heterogeneity of collective agents, the synergy between decentralization and neoliberalism, or the need to affirm rural peoples’ entitlements to resources. A Maori community’s attempt to restore Lake Whakaki on New Zealand’s east coast confirms many of these critiques. The restoration confronts institutional ambivalence, obstructive forces from beyond the zone of Maori influence and non-correspondence between community and catchment dynamics. Fulfilment of the project requires exogenous resources and authority, but state conservation agencies are ambivalent towards local demands for self-determined development. Nonetheless, an uncommon degree of agency which is grounded within community aspirations for sovereignty suggests that the motivational characteristics of community retain their importance in debates about integrated conservation and development.     

中国天然气水合物调查研究现状及其进展

天然气水合物大致经历了实验室研究、管道堵塞及防治、资源调查与开发利用4个发展阶段,中国目前正处于资源调查阶段的早期。自1999年开始,中国先后开展了南海、东海、陆上冻土区和国际海底区域天然气水合物的调查研究,相继发现了一系列地质、地球物理和地球化学异常标志,并在南海北部神狐地区成功采到水合物实物样品,取得了找矿工作的重大突破,显示出良好的找矿前景,但目前仍存在着调查研究程度较低、技术装备比较落后等问题。随着国家对天然气水合物重视程度的加强,中国天然气水合物的调查研究进程将会将进一步加快,并在不久的将来过渡到试生产阶段和商业性生产阶段。     

济源市省庄地热区地质条件及成因特征

济源市省庄地热属于异常增温热水型及干热岩型地热区,是中国北方非火山岩浆岩区地热异常的典型地热区,地热水是大气降水通过盘古寺深大断层深循环的结果。地热分布受盘古寺断层、五龙口断层及次级断层的控制,并在断层交汇部位显示温度异常。热源来自于北部山区补给沿断层径流的深循环水。深循环水水温较高,与浅部受大气降水及地表水补给的冷水相混合。     

基于统计学习方法的安徽省安庆市自然资源自动化监测——以山体为例

遥感作为一种可以快速、大范围获取地表覆盖信息的技术手段,为复杂的自然资源调查任务提供了可靠的数据来源。针对山体确界问题,以遥感卫星影像为数据支撑,采用非监督的统计学习方法,为山体特征建模。然后,采用DBSCAN算法和边缘检测思想,识别山体区域,并提取山体边界。该方法不依赖于人工标记真值,实现了山体边界的全自动识别。实验采用安庆市Landsat 8遥感卫星影像数据,有效识别了安庆市境内的山体,并提取山体边界。通过定性和定量化分析,验证了方法的可靠性,证明了遥感技术和统计学习理论在自然资源调查领域的应用潜力。该研究方法和结果能够为安庆市明确山体范围,界定山体的完整性与山体保护规划工作提供理论支撑。     

地下水资源特性及其合理开发利用

地下水资源具有以下重要特性:兼具可再生性与不可再生性,发育的系统性,以及随时间的变动性。可再生的补给资源,是理论上可持续利用的地下水资源;除了特定情况外,不可再生的储存资源只能借用而不能耗用。地下水资源发育的系统性,要求以含水系统或水文系统、而不是以含水层为单元进行地下水资源评价。由于土地利用方式的改变,地下水资源是随时间而变化的,需要根据变化情况进行再评价。根据可持续发展的理念,地下水资源评价应当遵循供水永续性和生态环境可承载性原则。地下水资源评价需要采用多种方法,相互校核,以提高其成果的信度。最后以河北平原为例,探讨了深层地下水的资源属性以及合理利用地下水的途径。