中国重大科技计划中人文-经济地理学研究进展

为跟踪世界科技的最新进展,解决中国快速发展过程中所面临的关键性和突出性重大问题,中国政府开展了一系列重大科技专项计划,如科技支撑计划等。气候变化、地表过程、土地利用、自然灾害是近年来人文一经济地理学者参与最广、研究最深的领域,在地表过程的人文驱动机制、资源环境承载能力评价等方面取得了重大进展和突破,为政府编制规划、开展环境外交等提供了科学依据。本文分析了上述研究计划的基本概貌,以及人文一经济地理学者在其中承担的主要任务。从个人终端消费导向的碳足迹研究、人文地理过程的系统动力学研究、土地利用重点问题咨询与决策、灾区资源环境承载能力评价等方面总结了人文一经济地理学在其中做出的主要贡献和社会影响。     

国外土壤微形态学研究的进展

土壤微形态学从20世纪30年代发展至今,取得了很大的进步,并广泛应用于土壤学各个领域,解决了很多土壤学问题.越来越多的学者应用土壤微形态学方法进行其他学科领域的研究,并取得了很好的结果.与国内比较,国外土壤微形态学各方面的发展都更早、更为成熟.从国外土壤微形态学的发展简况以及土壤微形态学在其他学科领域的应用研究最新进展进行报道,如土壤发生与分类、土壤肥力与土壤环境、考古与第四纪等,以期对国外土壤微形态学的研究成果做一初步的小结和为国内土壤微形态学的发展提供一定的参考借鉴.     

Validation of WRF model on simulating forcing data for Heihe River Basin

The research of coupling WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) with a land surface model is enhanced to explore the interaction of the atmosphere and land surface; however, regional applicability of WRF model is questioned. In order to do the validation of WRF model on simulating forcing data for the Heihe River Basin, daily meteorological observation data from 15 stations of CMA (China Meteorological Administration) and hourly meteorological observation data from seven sites of WATER (Watershed Airborne Telemetry Experimental Research) are used to compare with WRF simulations, with a time range of a whole year for 2008. Results show that the average MBE (Mean Bias Error) of daily 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure, 2-m relative humidity and 10-m wind speed were ?0.19 °C, ?4.49 hPa, 4.08% and 0.92 m/s, the average RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of them were 2.11 °C, 5.37 hPa, 9.55% and 1.73 m/s, and the average R (correlation coefficient) of them were 0.99, 0.98, 0.80 and 0.55, respectively. The average MBE of hourly 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure, 2-m relative humidity, 10-m wind speed, downward shortwave radiation and downward longwave were ?0.16 °C, ?6.62 hPa, ?5.14%, 0.26 m/s, 33.0 W/m² and ?6.44 W/m², the average RMSE of them were 2.62 °C, 17.10 hPa, 20.71%, 2.46 m/s, 152.9 W/m² and 53.5 W/m², and the average R of them were 0.96, 0.97, 0.70, 0.26, 0.91 and 0.60, respectively. Thus, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) regardless of daily or hourly validation, WRF model simulations of 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure and relative humidity are more reliable, especially for 2-m surface air temperature and surface pressure, the values of MBE were small and R were more than 0.96; (2) the WRF simulating downward shortwave radiation was relatively good, the average R between WRF simulation and hourly observation data was above 0.9, and the average R of downward longwave radiation was 0.6; (3) both wind speed and rainfall simulated from WRF model did not agree well with observation data.     

小秦岭金矿田深部探矿施工技术工艺的设想与选择

小秦岭金矿田经过十几年的挖掘与开采 ,已探明的上部金矿石面临枯竭 ,而下部 (深部 )的探矿工程还没有真正启动 ,只有个别经济实力雄厚的单位在本区内进行试探 ,在深部钻探施工技术上还没有摸索出成功的经验和成熟的方法。因此笔者根据实践经验 ,试图谈一点粗浅的深部探矿技术设想与看法 ,供同行们参考借鉴     

第24届IAU大会决议和天体测量的前沿课题

阐明了IAU决议对天文学发展的作用，并扼要地介绍了第24届IAU大会通过的三项决议，简要评述了2000－2003年基本天体测量的前沿课题，并对我国基本天体测量未来的优先发展领域提出了几点建议。     

上海天文台氢钟的研制现状及其应用前景

介绍了上海天文台氢钟的研制现状及其应用情况 ,展望了其潜在应用前景。对目前氢钟小型化国内外研究现状、我国进行小型氢钟的研制方案、拟解决的关键问题也进行了论述。同时给出了小型氢钟的预期性能指标     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

贾岛家世新考

用详实的材料 ,经过周密考证 ,澄清了有关贾岛家世的错误认识 ,揭橥了此一方面研究的最新成果。     

韧性城市的研究进展和韧性城乡建设的建议

城市的安全稳定、美丽宜居和可持续发展是人类对城市发展的美好追求。韧性城市理念的孕育和产生是城市在漫长发展的历史中,逐步产生和形成的城市公共安全治理的重要途径和全新理念,对城市的建设和发展至关重要,近年来受到科技界的广泛关注。本文系统地梳理了当前有关韧性城市的研究成果;追溯了韧性城市理念的起源;全面地总结了不同学者和有关国际组织关于韧性城市定义和内涵的研究成果,给出了韧性城市新的定义;总结并归纳了韧性城市的主要特征、评价指标及方法;评述了韧性城市研究领域的最新研究进展;提出了我国开展韧性城乡建设的建议。本文的工作对从事韧性城市研究的科技工作者具有参考价值,对推动韧性城市建设及理论研究有重要意义。