6-O-羧甲基壳多糖的细胞毒性效应研究

采用溶血试验和细胞毒性试验研究6 -O-羧甲基壳多糖的细胞毒性效应,结果表明：1% 浓度的6-O-羧甲基壳多糖对红细胞溶 血率小于5%,说明该材料无溶血现象。以手术缝合线和500μg/mL的苯酚为对照研究不同分 子量的6-O-羧甲基壳多糖分别在1000μg/mL和2000μg/mL浓度下对大白鼠皮肤成纤维细胞 生长的影响,经过2d,4d,7d细胞培养,细胞增殖率均大于100%,说明该材料对成纤维细胞 无毒性效应且对大白鼠皮肤成纤维细胞有促进生长的作用,分子量越小促生长作用越强,随 着培养时间延长促生长作用亦增强。此研究在一定程度上证明,6-O-羧甲基壳多糖作为医 用生物材料在细胞毒性方面是安全的。     

几种消毒剂对不同发育时期卤虫的影响

研究了几种常用的消毒剂（高锰酸钾、鲁歌氏碘液、新洁尔灭溶液、孔雀石绿）对山西两性卤虫不同发育时期的影响。结果表明：不同发育时期的卤虫对同一试剂有敏感性有明显的不同,其中后无节幼虫是最敏感时期;卡方检验结果表明,卤虫对所用试剂的安全剂量分别是：高锰酸钾≤１ｐｐｍ,鲁歌氏碘液≤１ｐｐｍ,新洁尔灭溶液≤２０ｐｐｍ,孔雀石绿≤０．２ｐｐｍ;由于不同试剂的药理作用不同,因此卤虫对不同试剂的耐受力,并不遵循一     

工业废水和城市综合污水的环境风险管理

综述了国内外工业废水与城市综合废水的监控和环境风险管理进展。与发达国家比较,化学监测法是目前我国工业废水和城市综合污水监控的唯一手段,而且主要有赖于COD等极少参数,并不能有效监控复合有毒有机污染物的排放。采用生态毒性检测法,可弥补这一缺陷,满足环境风险管理要求。毒性鉴别评价鉴别出导致废水/污水生态毒性的关键有机毒物,是降低其环境风险的核心。还对生态毒性检测法应用于我国废水/污水排放的监控和环境风险管理前景做了评述。     

四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应

采用静水试验法,在水温18.5℃~20℃的条件下,用Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 四种重金属对刺参幼参进行了单一急性毒性试验。结果表明:Cu2 对刺参幼参的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为0.299,0.176,0.133和0.120mg/L;Zn2 的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为6.700,3.624,2.577和1.951mg/L;Cd2 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为4.246,2.588和2.137mg/L;Cr6 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为31.974,7.499和3.808mg/L;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 对刺参幼参的安全浓度分别为0.018,0.362,0.259和0.750mg/L。四种重金属对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为Cu2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Cr6 。     

有毒铜绿微囊藻对鱼和溞的毒性

用有毒铜绿微囊藻细胞及其从毒细胞中提取的毒素喂养和腹腔注射鱼类，结果表明：（1）微囊藻毒素MCYST－LR对所有实验过的鱼有毒害作用（LD_(50)为110－500μg／kg）．注射毒素24h后，鱼肝电镜超微结构观察均表现出肝损伤．（2）在受控条件下，当用有毒铜绿微囊藻作为食物喂养日鲢和罗非鱼时，鱼类能在以毒藻为唯一食物的环境中生活20d以上．白鲢和罗非鱼粪便的毒性比喂食藻类的毒性分别降低约2—4．5倍，其肝的超微结构现察仍有轻度损伤．（3）在培养液中加入15μg／mLMCYST－LR和用实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻作为食物培养枝角类时，均可使它们在48h死亡．以无毒微囊藻培养时则生长不良亦不怀卵，表明它不是枝角类合适的食物．     

沙坡头人工固沙区油蒿繁殖分配的研究

对沙坡头人工固沙区油蒿 (Artemisia ordosica) 开花结实期的繁殖分配和生殖枝的生长特点进行了研究,结果表明:2006年8—10月,油蒿生殖枝重、头状花序重都显著增加(P<0.05),但繁殖分配均保持在26%左右;油蒿的繁殖分配与个体大小有一定的关系,地径在0.5 cm以上的油蒿个体才能够开始繁殖,繁殖分配大致呈现出在一定范围内随个体增大而上升,然后又随个体继续增大而下降的趋势。对不同建植年代(1956年、1964年、1981年、1987年)样地中油蒿繁殖结构特征和繁殖分配比较发现,1981年样地上油蒿的生殖枝重、单位生殖枝上的头状花序数、繁殖分配都低于其他3个年代,且其他3个年代的样地间无显著差异(P>0.05)。这表明,人工固沙区油蒿种群的繁殖不仅受固沙时间的影响,而且受其他因素的制约。     

实验室培养端足类日本大螯蜚对镉的毒理敏感性研究

沉积物毒性生物检测是沉积物环境质量评价重要内容之一[1].在沉积物毒性生物检测实验中,常用的受试生物有端足类(Amphipoda)、多毛类(Polychaeta)、软体动物(Mollusca)、棘皮动物(E-chinodermata)和枝角类(Cladocera)等中的部分种类[2-3].端足类是目前开展海洋沉积物毒性检测的优选受试生物,对其研究工作进行的最多,经验积累也最丰富,用其进行的有关沉积物毒性检测的方法也比较成熟[3].目前国外已有20多种海洋端足类用于沉积物毒性生物检测中.野生受试生物受季节、数量的限制不能满足检测工作的需要.     

Acute toxicities of copper,cadmium and Cu: Cd mixture to larvae of the shrimpPenaeus Penicillatus

This study showed lethal concentrations (LC) of copper forPeneaus penicillatus at various stages of its life cycle were 1000 μg/L for nauplii, 1000 μg/L for Zoea I, 2000 vg/L for Zoea II, 2500 μg/L for Zoea III, 3000 μg/L for Mysis I, II and III and that for almost 100% mortality for postlarvae was 3000 μg/L. For cadmium LC were 100 μg/L for nauplii, 500 μg/L for Zoea I, 1000 μg/L for Zoea II, 2000 μg/L for Zoea III, 2500 μg/L for Mysis I and 3500 μg/L for Mysis II, III and postlarvae. For mixture of both metals, LC were 400 μg/L for nauplii, 1000 μg/L for Zoea I, 2000 μg/L for Zoea II and 3000 μg/L for Mysis I, II, III and post larvae.     

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIATION OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR ECOTOXICITY——I. TOXICITY OF Cu, Cd , Pb AND Zn IN SEAWATER TO THREE MARINE ALGAE IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT COMPLEXATION AGENTS

Heavy metal is a main pollutant in the marine ecosystem . so study on the effect of heavy metal on phytoplankton is important . Algae (Chaetoceros sp . , Dunaliella sp . ., Dicrateria zhanjiangenis Hu . var . sp .) were laboratory cultured to observe the effect of heavy metals on their growth . The effect of different metal ion concentration , the detoxication effect of complexation agents and the growth of algae in different media and different nutrition levels were studied to evaluate the effect of metal speciation . It is proved that trace amount of heavy metals can stimulate the growth of algae cells but that high concentration is lethal . The sequence of toxicity is Cd2+>Zn2+>Pb2+ . In ordinary nutrition conditions , the detoxication sequence of complexation agents to Chaetoceros sp . is EDTA > sodium salicylate > sodium oxalate > sodium citrate > sulfanilic acid > O-phenanthroline . This is in good conformity with the stability constant sequence of these agents with copper and good evidence that t     

ACUTE TOXICITIES OF COPPER, CADMIUM AND Cu: Cd MIXTURE TO LARVAE OF THE SHRIMP PENAEUS PENICILLATUS

This study showed Iethal concentrations (LC) of copper for Peneaus penicillatus at various stages ofits Iife cycle were 1000μg/L for nauplii, 1000μg/L for Zoea I, 2000μg/L for Zoea Il, 2500μg/Lfor Zoea III, 3000μg/L for Mysis I, II and III and that for almost 100% mortality for postlarvae was3000μg/L. For cadmium LC were 100μg/L for nauplii, 500μg/L for Zoea l, 1000μg/L forZoea II, 2000μg/L for Zoea III, 2500μg/L for Mysis I and 3500μg/L for Mysis II, III andpostlarvae. For tmixture of both metals, LC were 400μg/L for nauplii, 1000 μg/L for nauplii, 1000μg/L for Zoea I,2000μg/L for Zoea II and 3000μg/L for Mysis I, II, III and post larvae.