不同盐度条件下亚硝酸态氮与非离子氨对花鲈幼鱼的毒性实验

在水温为25～31℃、p H 7.70~8.17、溶解氧≥5.0mg/L、自然光照的条件下,作者采用半静水法研究了亚硝酸态氮与非离子氨在不同盐度条件下对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼(50.33 g±4.35 g)的急性毒性、半致死量浓度、安全质量浓度及不同盐度条件下氨氮胁迫对花鲈幼鱼耗氧率与排氨率的影响。结果表明,花鲈幼鱼在盐度0、10、20时,亚硝酸盐安全浓度分别为16.357、52.540、58.622 mg/L,总氨氮安全浓度分别为0.794、4.625、5.163 mg/L,非离子氨安全浓度分别为0.584、2.313、1.951 mg/L。实验结果说明,盐度和氨氮联合胁迫对花鲈幼鱼的耗氧率、排氨率有显著影响,盐度10时耗氧率和排氨率最低。     

凡纳滨对虾不同家系间繁殖性状的比较

在相同的养殖条件下,从15个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)留种家系中各筛选30尾雌虾,记录60 d内每尾雌虾的产卵时体质量(SW)、产卵量(EN)、卵径(ED)、受精率(FR)、受精卵孵化率(HR)、连续两次产卵间隔时间(SI),分析各家系繁殖性状的差异性和各繁殖性状间的相关性。结果显示,各家系间繁殖相关性状差异显著(P<0.05),其中F415家系SW为55.36 g,显著大于其他家系(P<0.05),F413家系EN最高为26.52万粒,F402家系雌虾产卵FR和HR率均最高分别为83.19%和84.68%,F407、F401家系SI最短分别为5.03 d和5.06 d,以EN>20万粒、SI<9 d、FR>60%、HR>60%为选择标准,筛选出F401、F405、F407、F409、F413、F415六个家系雌虾作为凡纳滨对虾高繁殖力品系培育的亲虾;各繁殖性状中SW与EN间的相关系数为0.260呈极显著相关(P<0.01),EN与FR和HR间的相关系数分别为0.155和0.239呈极显著相关(P<0.01),SI与EN和HR间的相关系数分别为-0.121和-0.078分别呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)和显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾雌虾繁殖性能具有较大的家系选择潜力;在高繁殖力凡纳滨对虾品系培育的过程中应以雌虾平均单次产卵量和连续两次产卵间隔时间作为的选育的目标性状。     

长江口滨岸潮滩底栖泥螺受铅污染的急性毒理试验

为了评价长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中重金属铅对底栖动物的影响，进行了底栖动物泥螺的24h急性毒理学试验研究。结果表明：泥螺的半致死剂量是0．275g／L，全致死剂量是11．5g／L；对泥螺体内重金属累积量的分析表明：泥螺体内Pb的含量随试验组浓度的增高而增多，试验组的Pb浓度和泥螺累积的Pb含量符合三次函数；泥螺体内Pb的增加对泥螺富集Cu、Zn的影响是使其富集量有所下降，在浓度为4g／L时稍有回升；Pb含量的增加对泥螺富集Cr的影响是在浓度为0．1 1 8g／L时出现富集较大量，说明底栖动物富集的重金属元素问具有一定的协同作用。     

硬骨鱼类精子超微结构及其研究前景

对近几年国内外硬骨鱼类精子超微结构的研究进行了综述。硬骨鱼类精子结构比较原始 ,可明显地分为头部、中段和尾部 ,但各部分结构在不同种属的硬骨鱼体中有一定差异 ,尤其是精子头部顶体有无植入窝及其发达程度 ,精子中段中心粒复合体的组成、“袖套”结构的对称性、线粒体的分布和形态及精子尾部侧鳍的有无及其发达程度等在不同种属的硬骨鱼体中有一定差异。通过分析这些精子结构的差异 ,可以明显看出种间亲缘关系 ,因此 ,精子超微结构研究在生殖进化生物学研究中具有广阔的前景。对不同硬骨鱼类精子表面大分子物质的分布、精子鞭毛的运动机制、侧鳍与受精率的关系及精子各结构的特征和功能的研究将有利于对硬骨鱼类受精生物学的研究。     

三种重金属离子对东方小藤壶幼虫的急性毒性效应

研究了3种不同浓度重金属离子对东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)二期幼虫的急性毒性效应。结果表明:铜、锌、镉离子均有较高的毒性,它们对二期幼虫的12 h半致死剂量分别为1.00mg/L、2.29mg/L和0.56mg/L,24h半致死剂量分别是0.71mg/L、1.71mg/L和0.14mg/L,毒性大小依次排为Cd~(2+)>Cu~(2+)>Zn~(2+)。     

Reproductive ecology of the dominant dinoflagellate, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratium fusus</Emphasis>, in coastal area of Sagami Bay,Japan

The seasonal abundance of the dominant dinoflagellate, Ceratium fusus, was investigated from January 2000 to December 2003 in a coastal region of Sagami Bay, Japan. The growth of this species was also examined under laboratory conditions. In Sagami Bay, C. fusus increased significantly from April to September, and decreased from November to February, though it was found at all times through out the observation period. C. fusus increased markedly in September 2001 and August 2003 after heavy rainfalls that produced pycnoclines. Rapid growth was observed over a salinity range of 24 to 30, with the highest specific rate of 0.59 d⁻¹ measured under the following conditions: salinity 27, temperature 24°C, photon irradiance 600 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹. The growth rate of C. fusus increased with increasing irradiance from 58 to 216 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹, plateauing between 216 and 796 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹ under all temperature and salinity treatments (except at a temperature of 12°C). Both field and laboratory experiments indicated that C. fusus has the ability to grow under wide ranges of water temperatures (14–28°C), salinities (20–34), and photon irradiance (50–800 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹); it is also able to grow at low nutrient concentrations. This physiological flexibility ensures that populations persist when bloom conditions come to an end.     

Seasonal Variation in Host Utilization of Epiphytic Lacuna Species in Mixed Algal and Surfgrass Stands in Japan

Abstract.  On the subtidal rocky shore of Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, the congeneric phytal gastropods, Lacuna uchidai and L. decorata , inhabit the multispecific vegetation consisting of the surfgrass, Phyllospadix iwatensis and the brown alga, Cystoseira hakodatensis . We studied the phenologies of Phyllospadix and Cystoseira , host utilization patterns and life histories of Lacuna spp. to examine how these gastropods accommodate the seasonal fluctuations of the habitat. The preferences for macrophyte by Lacuna spp. were examined by laboratory experiments. The phenologies of macrophytes, the seasonal and between-substrata variations of Lacuna spp. were examined by monthly sampling from Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds between May 1999 and May 2000. Lacuna uchidai showed significant preference for Phyllospadix , whereas L. decorata had no preference for a particular substratum. Most L. uchidai were collected from the Phyllospadix bed, however L. decorata appeared in both Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds. The peak of new recruit of L. uchidai coincided with that of Phyllospadix biomass. The synchronization of life cycle with the phenology of the host may be adaptive for using the limited habitat. Seasonal variation in density of L. decorata coincided with neither patterns for Phyllospadix nor Cystoseira . Seasonal variation in density and size frequency distribution suggested L. decorata migrated among adjacent macrophytes. Although it was a little vague, this hypothesis was probably the best explanation of our results. Our study shows that two co-occurring Lacuna species utilize the macrophytes as habitats by the different life histories and utilization patterns and, may be alternatively accommodated to the seasonal fluctuations of their habitats.     

Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn 对真鲷仔鱼的急性毒性研究

本文采用静水生物试验法测定了Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼(2周龄)的急性毒性。结果表明:Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼24h的LC_(50)分别为0.025,0.31,5.00和3.70 mg/L,48h的LC_(50)分别为0.016,0.24,1.72和2.22mg/L,72h的LC_(50)分别为0.006,0.11,O.56和0.92mg/L,96h的LC_(50)分别为O.004,0.07,0.27和0.44 mg/L。Hg,Cu对真鲷仔鱼的影响极为显著,Zn,Cd的影响虽然很大,但比Hg,Cu低得多。Cd的毒性比Zn强,但毒理作用较为缓慢。4种重金属的毒性顺序为Hg>Cu>Cd>Zn。     

等边浅蛤Gomphina veneriformis的繁殖周期

本文根据1987.12～1989.4对舟山朱家尖岛南沙沙滩逐月采集标本进行研究。结果表明,等边浅蛤Gomphina veneriformis的性腺发育可分为5期:增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期。在舟山海区,等边浅蛤一年中为一个繁殖周期,繁殖期为8月下旬至9月中旬。有雄性早熟现象。     

多倍体贝类的繁殖生物学研究进展

本文综述了国内外多倍体贝类繁殖生物学的研究现状。主要是从多倍体贝类的性腺发育、生殖细胞、减数分裂、繁殖力以及其性成熟年龄和性比等方面进行了论述。三倍体贝类的性腺虽然有一定程度的发育，但总体表现出高度的不育，而四倍体贝类的性腺发育正常；三倍体、四倍体贝类的生殖细胞明显大于同龄的二倍体的生殖细胞；多出的几套染色体使多倍体贝类减数分裂时染色体的分离形式复杂化；多倍体贝类的性成熟年龄与二倍体基本一致，三倍体贝类雌雄比例与二倍体有所不同，雌雄同体的比例增大。