贵州松桃锰矿沉积有机质特征研究

松桃锰矿矿石氯仿沥青“Ａ”、饱和烃和芳烃含量高,非烃含量低,围岩泥岩则与此相反。正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、甾烷和萜烷等生物标志物的特征表明,贵州震旦松桃锰矿热水沉积体系中微生物主要为藻类生物和细菌类微生物,其生存环境为水温达１７０℃￣１９５℃、还原和盐度不高的热水体系。     

An application of artificial intelligence for rainfall-runoff modeling

This study proposes an application of two techniques of artificial intelligence (AI) for rainfall-runoff modeling: the artificial neural networks (ANN) and the evolutionary computation (EC). Two different ANN techniques, the feed forward back propagation (FFBP) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) methods are compared with one EC method, Gene Expression Programming (GEP) which is a new evolutionary algorithm that evolves computer programs. The daily hydrometeorological data of three rainfall stations and one streamflow station for Juniata River Basin in Pennsylvania state of USA are taken into consideration in the model development. Statistical parameters such as average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness, minimum and maximum values, as well as criteria such as mean square error (MSE) and determination coefficient (R ²) are used to measure the performance of the models. The results indicate that the proposed genetic programming (GP) formulation performs quite well compared to results obtained by ANNs and is quite practical for use. It is concluded from the results that GEP can be proposed as an alternative to ANN models.     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系原油勘探前景探讨

准噶尔盆地腹部地区长期以来以二叠系原油的勘探与研究为主。本文在总结本区现已发现侏罗系典型原油地球化学特征的基础上,通过混源油人工配比模拟实验揭示了侏罗系与二叠系原油在混合过程中的典型生物标志物变化特点,提出判识混源油组成的可能标志。据此标准,查清了研究区现有侏罗系原油和油砂的分布特点,再结合侏罗系烃源岩的分布情况,认为本区侏罗系原油可望具有良好的勘探前景,应重视对其勘探和研究。     

Evaluation of gene expression programming approaches for estimating daily evaporation through spatial and temporal data scanning

Evaporation of water from free water surfaces or from land surfaces is one of the main components of the hydrological cycle, and its occurrence is governed by various meteorological and physical factors. There is a multitude of models developed for estimating daily evaporation values by using weather data. This paper evaluates a Gene Expression Programming (GEP) model for estimating evaporation through spatial and temporal data scanning techniques. It is by using ‘leave‐one‐out’ procedures, a complete scan of the possible train and test set configurations is carried out according to temporal and spatial criteria. Comparison of the GEP model with empirical‐physical models shows that daily evaporation values computed by the GEP model are more accurate. Further, local calibration of the GEP model may not be needed, if enough climatic data are available at other stations. The performance of the GEP model fluctuates throughout the period of study and between stations. A suitable assessment of the model should consider a complete temporal and/or spatial scan of the data set used. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative molecular analysis of bacterial communities inhabiting pristine and polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Black Sea coastal sediments

Molecular analysis was applied to characterize bacterial community structure in sediment samples collected from pristine site and oil-polluted Black Sea harbor. Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) revealed a high similarity in the restriction patterns of both samples thus not demonstrating the effect of the pollutant on the structure of the bacterial communities. Constructed 16S rRNA gene libraries gave more detailed assessment of members. Results showed that α- and γ-Proteobacteria were dominant in the oil polluted site, whereas the pristine site was characterized by prevalence of Actinobacteria. The biodegradative potential of the adapted bacterial community in the oil-polluted sediments was demonstrated by the presence of the aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘超覆带侏罗系油砂地球化学特征及Re-Os同位素定年

盆地边缘浅部的油气充注史研究是探讨油气流体和砂岩型铀矿关系面临的关键难题。对准噶尔盆地西北缘超覆带侏罗系油砂提取物进行饱和烃GC-MS分析、碳同位素测试及Re-Os同位素定年。结果表明,样品普遍遭受了至少5级的生物降解,部分甾烷化合物参数已不能客观反映油源特征。而萜烷抗降解能力强,其分布谱图比较相似,C20、C21、C23三环萜烷的相对丰度呈“上升型”;C23/H比值为0.75~1.34;G/H比值为0.27~0.65;以上指示了石油的母质以湖相低等水生生物输入为主,形成于半咸水、偏还原的沉积环境。样品的氯仿沥青“A”及族组分的碳同位素组成较轻且几乎一致,均低于-28‰,进一步表明该区侏罗系中的石油具有相同来源,初始来源于玛湖坳陷二叠系风城组,而与佳木河组和乌尔禾组的关系不大。油砂Re-Os同位素测年首次获得了等时线年龄为(155±51) Ma,表明西北缘侏罗系在晚侏罗世-早白垩世发生了一期大规模的油气充注,进而掩盖和保护了中、下侏罗统于中、晚侏罗世阶段形成的古层间氧化带型铀矿体,并增加了找矿难度。     

Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum as a biomonitor to metal pollution

The Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum is a good biomonitor/bioindicator to marine metal pollution and is frequently used in aquatic toxicology. Two dominant pedigrees (white and zebra) of clam are distributed in the Bohai Sea; however, little attention has been paid to potential biological differences between these two pedigrees. In this study, we tested the sensitivity of both pedigrees to marine metal (cadmium and zinc) pollution biomonitoring and marine environmental toxicology. Results demonstrate significant biological differences in gills of white and zebra clams based on metabolic profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, we found that hypotaurine, malonate and homarine were relatively high in white clam gills, while alanine, arginine, glutamate, succinate, 4-aminobutyrate, taurine and betaine were high in zebra clam gills. Zebra clam gills were also more sensitive to a mixture of Cd and Zn, as shown by antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolic profiles, but white clam gills could accumulate more Zn. Therefore, we suggest that the white pedigree can be used as a biomonitor to marine Zn pollution, whereas the zebra pedigree can be used for toxicology studies on Cd and Zn mixed pollution.     

Mutations in exons of the CYP17-II gene affect sex steroid concentration in male Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique was used to characterize polymorphisms within the coding region of CYP17-Ⅱ gene in a population of 75 male Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in CYP17-Ⅱ gene of Japanese flounder.They were c.G594A(p.G188R),c.G939A and c.G1502A(p.G490D).SNP1(c.G594A),located in exon 4 of CYP17-Ⅱ gene,was significantly associated with gonadosomatic index(GSI).Individuals with genotype GG of SNP1 had significantly lower GSI(P < 0.05) than those with geno-type AA or AG.SNP2(c.G939A) located at the CpG island of CYP17-Ⅱ gene.The mutation changed the methylation of exon 6.Indi-viduals with genotype AA of SNP2 had significantly lower serum testosterone(T) level and hepatosomatic index(HSI) compared to those with genotype GG.The results suggested that SNP2 could influence the reproductive endocrine of male Japanese flounder.How-ever,the SNP3(c.G1502A) located in exon 9 did not affect the four measured reproductive traits.This study showed that CYP17-Ⅱ gene could be a potentially useful candidate gene for the research of genetic breeding and physiological aspects of Japanese flounder.     

东海沉积物中微生物标志物GDGTs年代际变化及来源

甘油双烷基甘油四醚(Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers,GDGTs)是近几年来新发现的一类生物标志化合物,基于GDGTs的各种指标以其在指示物质来源以及海洋和陆地古温度重建等方面显示出的巨大应用潜力,逐渐成为古海洋学、古湖沼学和古气候学研究的重要工具。对采自东海陆架区的DH5-1站位(29°28.118′N、123°06.639′E,水深63.5m)的柱状沉积物样品进行了总有机质和GDGTs分析,研究了GDGTs化合物在东海陆架区柱状沉积物样品中的含量和沉积通量变化,并利用δ13 C、C/N以及基于GDGTs化合物的BIT指标讨论了该海区近150年来沉积有机质的来源变化。结果显示,近百年来东亚冬季风的增强,加强了冬季闽浙沿岸流对长江口沉积物的搬运,使得该海区陆源输入量呈增加趋势,但20世纪80年代以来,人类活动的加剧导致营养盐输入的增加,使得海洋生产力提高,沉积有机质中陆源有机质比例下降。