Debris-avalanche deposits of the Milo Lahar sequence and the opening of the Valle del Bove on Etna volcano (Italy)

Previously undescribed debris-avalanche deposits occur in two locations downslope from the open end of the Valle del Bove. These outcrops comprise unstratified, ungraded deposits of metre-scale lava blocks in a matrix of weathered and fractured lava clasts. The avalanche deposits are unconformably overlain by matrix- to clast-supported conglomerates, representing debris-flow and interbedded fluvial deposits, that constitute most of the Milo Lahar sequence. We present evidence that the Milo Lahar sequence, which crops out just at the exit of the Valle del Bove, formed during the opening and enlargement of this depression. The presence of the avalanche deposits at the base of the Milo Lahar sequence indicates that catastrophic landslides were involved in the formation of the Valle del Bove. The composition of lavas in the debris avalanche deposits is similar to that of most of the Ellittico volcanic sequence exposed along the northern wall of the Valle del Bove. Radiocarbon dates of 8400 and 5300 years BP from the base and top, respectively, of the debris-flow sequence indicate that the Milo Lahars are correlative with the exposed part of the Chiancone deposit. The basal lahars of the Chiancone, which contain lava blocks whose compositions partially overlap that of blocks in the avalanche deposits, may have formed by water concentration in the distal end of the avalanche causing transformation to debris, or alternatively by reworking of the avalanche deposit.     

Evaluation of Jordanian zeolite tuff as a controlled slow-release fertilizer for NH4 +

 The exchange and release properties of the natural phillipsite tuff from the Aritain area in Jordan were evaluated by studying the exchange properties of this natural zeolite in the NH₄ ⁺–Na⁺ system. Exchange isotherms at 18, 35, and 50  °C showed that phillipsite exchanged NH₄ ⁺ preferably over Na⁺ at all temperatures. However, the selectivity coefficient for NH₄ ⁺ decreased with decreasing temperature. The release of NH₄ ⁺ from phillipsite saturated with ammonium sulfate took place in two stages characterized by different SO₄ ^2– : NH₄ ⁺ ratios. Aritain phillipsite from NE Jordan could be processed and used as NH₄ ⁺ slow-release fertilizers. The use of NH₄ ⁺-phillipsite tuff offers an option to the widely used soluble NH₄-fertilizers in agciculture to avoid environmental problems associated with nitrogen contamination of surface water and groundwater. Received: 19 December 1996 · Accepted: 13 May 1997     

The stress release model and results from modelling features of some seismic regions in China

ＴｈｅｓｔｒｅｓｒｅｌｅａｓｅｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｆｒｏｍｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｓｏｍｅｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＪＩＡＮＣＡＮＧＺＨＵＡＮＧ（庄建仓）ＬＩＭＡ（马丽）ＣｅｎｔｒｅｆｏｒＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎ...     

Relationship between H2 release and seismicity on Xiadian Fault

After analyzing systematically the dynamic variation of released H₂ in Xiadian Fault during 1990–1996 and studying the whole data of earthquakes in the Beijing area during this period, we have found that the quantity of underground H₂ release relates closely to earthquake activities. From the chart of annual frequency-magnitude of earthquake activities, the chart of H₂ dynamic variation and release intensity, we have discovered that H₂ release concerns with not only earthquake scale but also its frequency-magnitude. The higher earthquake scale and frequency-magnitude, the larger the released H₂ quantity and its abnormal range.     

湖水-沉积物界面内源物质交换动态复水模拟研究

分布式采集了玄武湖底长期暴露的底泥,分析了底泥营养物的分层分布及其理化特性对湖泊水质的影响强度。通过动态换水试验,研究了复水过程中暴露底泥营养盐的释放过程和上覆水总磷、总氮浓度变化对水土界面物质交换的作用关系以及对水体富营养化程度的影响机制。实验及模拟表明:由于湖泥表层长期暴露,有机及结合态营养盐降解为无机态营养盐,即使复水过程中使用清水,但由于干涸湖床沉积物总磷T-P、总氮T-N的垂直分布,也将严重导致内源营养盐释放总量持续增加,在相对长时间内,上覆水总磷浓度仍维持在较高(01mg/L)水平。研究成果为实施生态修复,治理复水后湖体富营养化提供了理论和实验依据。     

Experimental research on critical point hy- pothesis

Introduction Earthquake is a kind of severe natural disaster. In order to predict earthquake effectively, thegeoscientists at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of studies on seismicity. For exam-ple,Willis, (1924) and Tocher (1959) made some early investigations on seismicity before largeearthquake. Chinese geoscientists performed even more studies in this field (CHEN, et al, 1981;HUANG, FENG, 1981; LIU, 1982; LU, 1985; LU, et al, 2001; MA, et al, 1982; MEI, 1960; …     

海底大地电磁探测的海洋试验研究

开展海底大地电磁探测需要有一套完善的海上施工方案。为解决海洋环境作业过程中遇到的工程技术问题 ,如探测仪器布放点位的选择、电路初始化设置以及设备的投放与回收方式等等 ,提出了有针对性的解决方法 :利用多波束声纳扫描和抓斗取样技术了解海底地形与底质 ;根据信号的频宽合理选取采集参数 ;研发与海上作业相关的专用硬件产品 ;用声控技术实现设备的回收等等。经过海洋探测试验 ,验证了上述方法的有效性。     

The seismicity research in the sub-regions of Chinese mainland using strain accumula-ting and releasing model

Introduction Lots of researches suggest that the seismicity is irregular in the space and unsteady on the time. The former behaves as that the earthquakes usually are distributed in bands or zones, the latter behaves as that the seismicity has the active and placid alternant stages (high and low). Analyzing the seismicity of Chinese mainland shows that the distribution of strong earthquakes indicates different distributing pictures in space in different periods. According to strain releasing …     

SUBTROPICAL HIGH, LATENT HEATING BY CONVECTION AND ASSOCIATION WITH DISSIPATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOUTH CHINA SEA TYPHOONSI

Numerical modeling and experiments are conducted for the South China Sea typhoons Helen (1995) and Willie (1996) with an auto-adaptive mesh model. It is shown that durating the stage of dissipation the typhoons are mainly related with the subtropical high rather than the topography. The high is sensitive to the intensity change of the typhoon so that the former weakens as the latter strengthens and vice versa. Maintaining the typhoon as a main factor, the release of latent heat is in reversed proportion with the subtropical high in terms of the intensity. It is found that the storm tends to be maintained if it moves close to the westerly trough after landfall.     

阻氡材料的实验研究

本文通过试验，测定了多种材料的阻氡效果。数据表明，即使采用薄铜片阻氡，也难以达到较好地阻氡外逸的目的。文中指出了阻氡的具体途径和最佳的阻氡材料。