中国东南部侏罗纪沉积特征与形成环境研究

侏罗纪是中国东南部从特提斯构造域向太平洋构造域发生重大变化的转换期,该时期形成的沉积盆地以及至今保留完好的侏罗纪沉积序列是研究和发掘中生代构造演化信息的理想对象。根据地球动力学特征,将侏罗纪盆地分为后造山盆地（T3-J1）和伸展盆地（J2）2种类型,后者可再分为裂谷断陷和沉积断陷2种。发生在早、中三叠世期间华南与华北块体的碰撞以及华南与东南亚块体的碰撞,基本结束了特提斯洋在华南的历史,导致本区及其邻区先前的浅海盆地关闭,褶皱隆升,形成陆内造山带和山前盆地。岩石组合和古流向研究表明,晚三叠世—早侏罗世期间,水体携带碎屑物从北向南搬运,呈现北高南低的古地理格局;中侏罗世开始,区内古地理格局发生变化,武夷山开始抬升,导致原先北高南低的单向地貌格局变为南北两侧地形高、中间地形低的古地理环境。武夷山地区的沉积序列研究表明,下侏罗统由粗变细,反映水体由浅变深,沉积环境从山前河流→湖滨→湖泊演化,中侏罗统则由细变粗,反映水体变浅,地壳抬升,山体剥蚀,推测其挤压动力来自太平洋板块朝东亚陆缘的俯冲作用。另一方面,在武夷山西缘的闽西—赣南一带,则发生了中国东南部自寒武纪以来最强烈的一次火山喷发活动,形成东西向的陆内裂谷盆地带,盆内堆积双峰式火山岩、碱性—偏碱性玄武岩,并有双峰式侵入岩的形成。通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb成分测定,获赣南东坑盆地中侏罗世火山岩剖面上部的流纹岩160Ma±1Ma的测年值。研究认为,发生在中侏罗世的地理格局改变、沉积环境变化、闽西—赣南裂谷型火山活动是太平洋板块开始影响华南的重要证据,也是构造转换事件（从挤压到伸展、从特提斯到太平洋）的直接标志。武夷山—南岭东段是中国东南部发生构造转换的重要区段,时间为中侏罗世。     

Changes in North Sea macrofauna communities and species distribution between 1986 and 2000

The North Sea Benthos Project 2000 was initiated as a follow-up to the 1986 ICES North Sea Benthos Survey with the major aim to identify changes in the macrofauna species distribution and community structure in the North Sea and their likely causes.The results showed that the large-scale spatial distribution of macrofauna communities in the North Sea hardly changed between 1986 and 2000, with the main divisions at the 50 m and 100 m depth contours. Water temperature and salinity as well as wave exposure, tidal stress and primary production were influential environmental factors on a large (North Sea-wide) spatial scale.The increase in abundance and regional changes in distribution of various species with a southern distribution in the North Sea in 2000 were largely associated with an increase in sea surface temperature, primary production and, thus, food supply. This can be most likely related to the North Sea hydro-climate change in the late 1980s influenced by the variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Only one cold-temperate species decreased in abundance in 2000 at most of the stations. Indications for newly established populations of offshore non-native species were not found.Differences in macrofauna community structure on localised spatial scales were predominantly found north of the 50 m depth contour off the British coast along the Flamborough Head Front towards the Dogger Bank, off the coast of Jutland and at the Frisian Front. These changes were most likely attributed to stronger frontal systems in 2000 caused by the increased inflow of Atlantic water masses in relation to the hydro-climate change in the late 1980s.     

Recruit/algal interaction prevents recovery of overexploited mussel beds: Indirect evidence that post-settlement mortality structures mussel populations

The mechanisms maintaining community structure following an ecosystem shift are poorly understood and we propose that they must inherently be biological. Over-exploitation can provide a “natural experiment” with man as a predator driving a change in community structure, possibly an ecosystem shift. We examined a possible mechanism that maintains algal beds as an alternative state on the east coast of South Africa where the mussel Perna perna has been overexploited. Even on unexploited shores, about 50% of mussel larvae settle onto algae, but it is unclear whether they later recruit into adult beds. On such shores we used two indirect field approaches to understand the fate of recruits, testing whether inhibition of mussel recruitment by macroalgae could constitute a biological mechanism preventing reversion from the algal to the pre-disturbance mussel-dominated state. First, we examined possible ontogenetic migration of recruits from algae to adult mussels, testing the prediction that the ratio large:small recruits in adult beds is greater where algae are liberally interspersed with mussels. Second, we examined whether, like adults, recruits show spatial structure that is related to the distribution of topographic depressions, testing the hypothesis that large and small recruits show different co-variation with depressions, microhabitats where algae commonly occur. We found no evidence that recruits on algae actively move to nearby mussel beds as neither the ratio large:small recruits nor the abundances of small or large recruits showed any relationship with algal cover/variability. Small and large recruits showed different co-variation with topographic depressions on spatially structured transects. Like adults, large recruits commonly exhibited negative relationships with depressions. Thus, large recruits neither occur on algae nor migrate from algae to the primary substratum or onto adult beds. Consequently our results (a) highlight the importance of post-settlement mortality in structuring these mussel populations, and (b) suggest that the interception of larvae by algae forms a biological mechanism that can maintain macroalgal beds that develop following exploitative disturbance by man, thus preventing or at least drastically delaying the natural recovery of mussel beds.     

基于瞬时相位的BPSK信噪比估计算法

通过对加性高斯白噪声条件下正弦型信号瞬时相位分布情况进行研究,提出了一种新的BPSK（Binary Phase Shift Keying）信噪比估计方法．含噪信号瞬时相位的方差与信噪比之间存在近似线性的一一对应关系,以此为基础通过将含噪信号的估计方差与理论值相比较获得信噪比估计值．该方法直接对基带过采样信号进行处理,不需要事先进行符号定时与同步．使用计算机仿真测试了算法的估计性能,并与高阶累积量方法和子空间分解方法进行了比较,结果表明该算法具有更高的估计精度．     

Changes of woody plant interaction and spatial distribution between rocky and sandy soil areas in a semi-arid savanna, South Africa

We examined the impact of shrub-shrub interactions and soil type (rocky or sandy) on growth and spatial distribution of the two savanna shrub species Tarchonanthus camphoratus and Acacia mellifera. To explore plant interactions, we compared the size of juvenile and mature T. camphoratus shrubs between different locations (under the subcanopy of A. mellifera and in the open). Juvenile T. camphoratus shrubs had similar sizes regardless of location; however, in rocky soil, mature shrubs in the open were larger than those near A. mellifera, implying an inter-specific competitive effect of A. mellifera on T. camphoratus. Juvenile T. camphoratus shrubs grew faster in the sandy than in the rocky area. Furthermore, we used the Wiegand-Moloney O-ring statistics to explore the spatial distribution of T. camphoratus. T. camphoratus showed spatial aggregation, but in the rocky area T. camphoratus juveniles were positively associated with A. mellifera (indicating facilitation as the pattern-creating process), whereas in the sandy area they were positively associated with mature T. camphoratus shrubs (indicating seed dispersal as the pattern-creating process). T. camphoratus exhibited encroachment potential in the sandy area. We showed how spatial pattern analysis can help to explore processes determining woody plant spacing and recommend its further use.     

Rhodope and Vardar: the metamorphic and the olistostromic paired belts related to the Cretaceous subduction under Europe

In the Gondwanian Moesia Plate and Balkanid terranes, accreted to the Palaeo-Europe during the Palaeozoic, the Late Permian—Early Triassic unconformity and the Triassic system are known only from deep boreholes. In the Chiren, Veslets and Golyamo Peshtene regions (Northern Bulgaria), an Early Triassic igneous activity results from eleven drills.

Trachytes, outpoured from sub aerial to shallow sea submarine vents, and later basalt breccias emplaced in shallow water conditions, represent the bimodal volcanic products.

The transitional anorogenic features of the volcanism are consistent with the extensional regime evidenced by the progressively subsiding depositional environment. The extensional Triassic event corresponds to development of branches of a composite rift system, propagating from the Karakaya basin to separate the Moesia with Balkanids p.p. and the Istanbul block to the North, from the Serbian— Macedonian—Thracian microplate with Balkanid p.p. to the south.     

Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments

Climate change presents a threat to the sustainability of cities and their societies, and must be adequately addressed. Urban environments (cities) are responsible for the creation of a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions which are the source of climate change. Cities have been increasingly the focus of action to address climate change, yet emissions are not significantly reducing. Additionally, there a lack of integration between adaptation and mitigation. This prevents responses adequate to limit global warming to 1.5^OC, and to be well adapted to anticipated changes. This paper critically analyses existing definitions and typologies of climate change actions. A definition of ‘climate change transformation’ is proposed which includes the integration of adaptation and mitigation goals to enable a new regime in which global warming is limited to 1.5^OC. A new three-part typology: ‘coping, malaction and transformation,’ is presented for categorising climate change actions by the extent to which they integrate adaptation and mitigation, and define a new regime. The typology is accompanied by illustrations to demonstrate the relationship between adaptation and mitigation. The definition, typology and illustration serve to guide effective climate change decision making, and provides principles to guide application in urban environments.     

Meso–Cenozoic thermal regime in the Bohai Bay Basin,eastern North China Craton

This article discusses the Meso–Cenozoic thermal history, thermal lithospheric thinning, and thermal structure of the lithosphere of the Bohai Bay Basin, North China. The present-day thermal regime of the basin features an average heat flow of 64.5 ± 8.1 mW m^–2, a lithospheric thickness of 76–102 km, and a ‘hot mantle but cold crust’-type lithospheric thermal structure. The Meso–Cenozoic thermal history experienced two heat flow peaks in the late Early Cretaceous and in the middle to late Palaeogene, with heat flow values of 82–86 mW m^?2 and 81–88 mW m^?2, respectively. Corresponding to these peaks, the thermal lithosphere experienced two thinning stages during the Cretaceous and Palaeogene, reaching a minimum thickness of 43–61 km. The lithospheric thermal structure transformed from the ‘hot crust but cold mantle’ type in the Triassic–Jurassic to the ‘cold crust but hot mantle’ type in the Cretaceous–Cenozoic, according to the ratio of mantle to surface heat flow (q_m/q_s). The research on the thermal history and lithospheric thermal structure of sedimentary basins can effectively reveal the thermal regime at depth in the sedimentary basins and provide significance for the study of the basin dynamics during the Meso–Cenozoic.     

德阳市城区地下水位动态特征及成因分析

根据监测孔资料对德阳市区地下水位动态类型划分,分析其水位动态特征表明：德阳市区地下水是降水入渗型、沿岸型、开采型、灌溉型综合而成。地下水受河流切割,旌湖上、下游拦河坝蓄水,北郊水厂、二重厂一工农村一带为集中开采区,绵远河一带开采强度的不稳定性、西北侧区域地下水径流补给,季节降雨等综合因素的影响,其中降水和开采因素是地下水位动态变化的主要因素。这些因素使得德阳市区地下水位和降落漏斗呈复杂多变势态,地下水流场在不同区段亦表现出明显的差异。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001368

This paper presents the end Late Paleozoic tectonic stress field in the southern edge of Junggar Basin by interpreting stress-response structures(dykes,folds,faults with slickenside and conjugate joints).The direction of the maximum principal stress axes is interpreted to be NW—SE (about 325°),and the accommodated motion among plates is assigned as the driving force of this tectonic stress field.The average value of the stress index R’ is about 2.09,which indicates a variation from strike-slip to compressive tectonic stress regime in the study area during the end Late Paleozoic period.The reconstruction of the tectonic field in the southern edge of Junggar Basin provides insights into the tectonic deformation processes around the southern Junggar Basin and contributes to the further understanding of basin evolution and tectonic settings during the culmination of the Paleozoic.