镜质体反射率法在南堡凹陷东营组剥蚀厚度恢复中的应用

利用镜质体反射率趋势线法对南堡凹陷高柳地区、柳赞构造带、林雀次凹、柳南次凹等地区的地层剥蚀厚度进行了恢复;结合泥岩声波时差法和地层对比法,恢复了南堡凹陷东营组地层剥蚀厚度.认为利用镜质体反射率法来求取剥蚀厚度的前提是选取合适的Ro数据.当缺乏足够的单井Ro数据时,位于同一构造单元内、具有相同埋藏史的不同井的Ro位数据可以整合利用以恢复剥蚀厚度.作出了研究区地层剥蚀厚度等值线图,南堡凹陷东营组的剥蚀强度大致可分为两个区:东北部为强剥蚀区、中部为弱剥蚀区.     

Resourcesat-1 data quality evaluation system

In continuation of IRS-1C/1D mission, Resourcesat mission was planned for integrated land and water resource management. Resourcesat was launched on 17 October 2003. This satellite carries three multi-spectral cameras with variable swath and different spatial resolution. Data quality evaluation (DQE) system characterizes payload and platform performance and its impact on radiometric and geometric accuracies achieved on user product during initial and operational phase. DQE system is software system where each parameter package is integrated in DQE scheduler, which automates and facilitates the execution procedure.     

基于FY-3/MERSI卫星资料的霾判识方法研究

选取2015年12月25日及2016年1月18日两次覆盖湖北的重污染天气过程,利用FY-3A(B)/MERSI卫星资料和气象、环境监测资料,应用图像色彩处理技术、可见光近红外通道反射率分析等技术,开展对湖北地区霾的遥感识别研究。研究结果表明:以不同波段进行红绿蓝三通道合成时,霾可以被识别,其中以全可见光模式合成时,霾以灰白色为主,比周围的云雾区略暗;以可见光、近红外、红外三通道合成时,霾以紫色、紫灰色为主,云类识别精细;以可见光、近红外两通道增强显示合成时,霾以紫灰色为主,与晴空地表及云区差异明显,但易将由小粒子组成的薄卷云误判为霾,需通过云顶黑体亮温进行剔除。通过建立红外亮温和可见光反射率识别指标,可将霾与晴空、厚云区区分开来,但很难与低云/雾区进行有效区分,加入对有效粒子半径敏感的近红外通道反射率后,借助两者在粒子大小上的差异,可在一定程度上解决这一问题,并通过地面人工观测资料进行分析验证。     

A coupled atmospheric and topographic correction algorithm for remotely sensed satellite imagery over mountainous terrain

Radiometric correction is an important issue in the quantitative remote-sensing community. By integrating dark object subtraction (DOS)-based atmospheric correction with physics-based topographic correction, a coupled land surface reflectance retrieval algorithm (coupled atmospheric and topographic correction algorithm, named the CAT algorithm) for rugged mountainous regions is proposed. Terra MODIS-derived atmospheric characterization data (including aerosol optical depth, integrated precipitable water, surface pressure, and ozone concentration) are employed as inputs for the proposed algorithm. A physics-based path radiance estimation model is proposed and embedded in the CAT algorithm, and band-specific per-pixel path radiance values are calculated. After the CAT algorithm was performed, the correlation between reflectance and terrain was dramatically reduced, with correlation coefficients nearly equal zero, especially for the near infrared and short-wave infrared bands, meanwhile the image information content increased over 20%. To provide a comparison with previous studies, two commonly used methods in the literature (DOS + Cosine and DOS + C) were employed. The results of the comparison show that the proposed algorithm performed better in both atmospheric and topographic corrections without empirical regression.     

Modeling three-dimensional forest structures to drive canopy radiative transfer simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor

Three-dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo-based radiative transfer (MCRT) models are usually used for benchmarking in intercomparisons of the canopy radiative transfer (RT) simulations. However, the 3-D MCRT models are rarely applied to develop remote sensing algorithms to estimate essential climate variables of forests, due mainly to the difficulties in obtaining realistic stand structures for different forest biomes over regional to global scales. Fortunately, some of important tree structure parameters such as canopy height and tree density distribution have been available globally. This enables to run the intermediate complexities of the 3-D MCRT models. We consequently developed a statistical approach to generate forest structures with intermediate complexities depending on the inputs of canopy height and tree density. It aims at facilitating applications of the 3-D MCRT models to develop remote sensing retrieval algorithms. The proposed approach was evaluated using field measurements of two boreal forest stands at Estonia and USA, respectively. Results demonstrated that the simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) based on the measured forest structures agreed well with the BRF based on the generated structures from the proposed approach with the root mean square error (RMSE) and relative RMSE (rRMSE) ranging from 0.002 to 0.006 and from 0.7% to 19.8%, respectively. Comparison of the computed BRF with corresponding MODIS reflectance data yielded RMSE and rRMSE lower than 0.03 and 20%, respectively. Although the results from the current study are limited in two boreal forest stands, our approach has the potential to generate stand structures for different forest biomes.     

基于TM/ETM和DEM数据的BRDF特征提取

巴丹吉林沙漠地区地物类型单一,地形起伏,形成了天然的二向反射数据集;因此,本研究利用巴丹吉林沙漠地区的ASTER GDEM产品提供的地面高程数据,计算出每个坡元所对应的太阳-观测几何信息(包括太阳天顶角与方位角和观测天顶角与方位角),假设沙丘上每个坡元的表面结构不随其坡度和坡向变化,加上Landsat-TM/ETM+对地观测的信息,就形成了对同一地物的多角度观测数据集,从而可以提取该地区的BRDF特征。为了检验该方法,利用该方法获取的BRDF特征信息模拟了25景Landsat-TM/ETM+数据,并与实际的Landsat-TM/ETM+图像进行对比分析。结果表明, Landsat-TM/ETM+前4个波段的模拟图像与真实图像地表平均反射率相比,平均误差分别为2.80%、1.92%、2.68%和2.32%,高于一般辐射定标中5%—7%的误差要求,因此本研究方法可为高分辨率数据的交叉辐射定标等应用提供参考。     

基于遥感反演的莱州湾悬沙分布及其沉积动力分析

选用1986-2004年不同时期的LandsatTM/ETM+影像,利用2004年黄河口附近实测数据推导的表层悬浮泥沙浓度反演模型,结合水文气象资料、多年水深数据和极端天气数模结果,研究了莱州湾西南近岸海域表层悬浮泥沙分布特征,结果表明,受黄河丰枯水期的影响,莱州湾西南部海域悬浮泥沙高浓度区主要分布于黄河口附近海域和西南沿岸,其枯水期的覆盖范围一般大于丰水期的。受潮流高流速场控制,黄河口外悬沙浓度高值区与海底泥沙堆积区对应较好,泥沙主要来源于陆源输沙和泥沙再悬浮;在西南近岸浅海区悬沙浓度高值区主要形成于泥沙的再悬浮,在近岸出现轻微冲刷。风等其他海洋动力因素,一般情况下对悬浮泥沙扩散的程度和范围具有一定的影响作用,但悬沙受潮流场影响而形成的总体扩散趋势未发生改变;极端条件下,风暴潮流使莱州湾西南部近岸浅海区的悬浮泥沙浓度显著增加。     

Progress in Marine Oil Spill Optical Remote Sensing: Detected Targets,Spectral Response Characteristics,and Theories

Different oil spill pollution types could be produced in oil transport and weathering processes. Investigation of these pollution types is beneficial for oil spill recovery and processing. Optical remote sensing techniques play an important role in marine oil spill monitoring and have the ability to identify different oil spill pollution types. Recently, research on oil spill optical remote sensing has made much progress in detecting targets, identifying spectral response characteristics, and formulating theories. Floating black oil, oil slicks, and oil-water mixture in marine oil spill accidents are the main targets to be investigated by optical remote sensors. The visible spectral response differences of these targets are the base of oil spill optical remote sensing research. Bi-directional reflectance distribution function, light interference, absorption, and scattering of targets produce different spectra. Therefore, oil spill optical remote sensing could be used to identify the main oil spill pollution types and estimate oil spill volume.     

Mercury's spectrophotometric properties: Update from the Mercury Dual Imaging System observations during the third MESSENGER flyby

Presented here are analyses of the photometric measurements acquired by the imaging system on the MESSENGER spacecraft during its three flybys of Mercury, in particular the dedicated sequence of photometric measurements obtained during the third flyby. A concise, analytical approach is adopted for characterizing the effects of scattered light on the images. This approach works well for wavelengths shorter than 700 nm but breaks down at the longer wavelengths where the scattering behavior of the imaging system is more complex. Broadband spectral properties are commensurate with ground-based observations for spectra acquired at phase angles less than 110°; photometric corrections to a common illumination and viewing geometry provide consistent results for those phase angles. No phase reddening is apparent in the image-derived spectra. A bolometric albedo of 0.081 is derived over the wavelength range of the imaging system.     

Graphitization of organic matter and fluid‐deposited graphite in Palaeoproterozoic (Birimian) black shales of the Kaya‐Goren greenstone belt (Burkina Faso,West Africa)

Palaeoproterozoic black shales form an essential part of the Birimian volcanosedimentary belt in Burkina Faso, West Africa. The mean R_max values and the atomic H/C values of the bulk carbonaceous matter (BCM), together with rock structures and mineral assemblages, indicate that these carbon‐rich rocks were metamorphosed to sub‐greenschist and low‐grade greenschist facies. X‐ray diffraction reveals that the (002) ‘graphite’ peak width in half maximum (FWHM) ranges from 0.43 to 0.71 °2θ in sub‐greenschist facies and from 0.27 to 0.41 °2θ in greenschist facies rocks, but the d(002) values in both groups of rocks are approximately the same (～3.35 Å). The BCM of individual samples is composed of particles with very variable shape, reflectance and Raman spectra. Type I particles that predominate in sub‐greenschist facies are fine‐grained, irregular or elongate bodies 1 to 3 μm in size. Their maximum reflectance (R_max) ranges between 2.5% and 8.2%, and Raman parameters R1 and R2 range from 0.5 to 1.4 and 0.5 to 0.8, respectively. Type II particles are lath‐shaped, up to 40 μm large bodies, commonly arranged parallel to white mica flakes. The number of these particles increases from sub‐greenschist to greenschist facies. Maximum reflectance varies between 6% and 11.2% and R1 and R2 Raman parameters range from 0.05 to 0.7 and from 0.1 to 0.5, respectively. Type III particles occur in hydrothermally altered and sheared rocks; these are nodular aggregates composed of grains up to 10 μm in size. This type of particles has very high reflectance (R_max = 11–15%) and its Raman spectra indicate a very high degree of structural ordering corresponding to well‐ordered graphite. Type I particles represent original organic matter in the metasediments. Type II particles are believed to have been formed either in situ by solid‐state transformation of Type I particles or by crystallization from metamorphic fluids. Gradual graphitization of the Type I organic particles and the growth of lath‐shaped Type II particles from a fluid phase is assumed to have taken place under the peak metamorphic conditions associated with the burial of Birimian sediments during thrust tectonism, progressive tectonic accretion and crustal thickening during the D1 event of the Eburnean orogeny. The growth of equant, high‐reflectance postkinematic nodular aggregates of Type III particles is ascribed to the reduction of CO₂‐rich fluids during a hydrothermal event associated with Late Eburnean D2 exhumation and strike–slip movements. Type I carbonaceous particles were only slightly affected by high‐temperature, low‐pressure contact metamorphism during intrusion of Late Eburnean magmatic bodies, whereas formation of Type II or III particles was not recorded in contact‐metamorphosed rocks at all.