Modeling the land surface reflectance for optical remote sensing data in rugged terrain

A model for topographic correction and land surface reflectance estimation for optical remote sensing data in rugged terrian is presented.Considering a directional-directional reflectance that is used for direct solar irradiance correction and a hemispheric-directional reflectance that is used for atmospheric diffuse irradiance and terrain background reflected irradiance correction respectively,the directional reflectance-based model for topographic effects removing and land surface reflectance calculation is developed by deducing the directional reflectance with topographic effects and using a radiative transfer model.A canopy reflectance simulated by GOMS model and Landsat/TM raw data covering Jiangxi rugged area were taken to validate the performance of the model presented in the paper.The validation results show that the model presented here has a remarkable ability to correct topography and estimate land surface reflectance and also provides a technique method for sequently quantitative remote sensing application in terrain area.     

基于ASTER数据遥感影像的决策树分类

以黑龙江省北安市为研究区域,尝试利用ASTER视反射率值进行便利、准确的土地利用分类研究。对ASTER数据进行波段相关分析,确定最佳组合波段;然后重点分析转换为视反射率值的影像特征和光谱特征,从中提取各种典型地物的光谱曲线; 并依据提取的光谱曲线建立基于地物反射率值大小关系或阈值的决策树模型,对研究区不同地物类型进行分类,并对结果进行精度评价。应用效果表明,该方法简单有效,但对于混合光谱容易错分。     

悬浮泥沙浓度遥感反演模式研究

利用野外采集的悬沙样品配置不同粒径和浓度等级的悬沙水样,进行实验室光谱测量,分析悬沙水样的光谱特征及其反射率与粒径之间的关系。根据实验结果选取泥沙浓度和粒径的敏感波段,建立了敏感波段模型和主成分模型。结果表明,主成分分析法能大量获取多通道悬沙水体光谱反射率信息,模型的反演能力优于敏感波段模型。     

南海南部礼乐盆地礁体发育区的构造热演化特征

礼乐滩是礼乐盆地的重要组成部分,自晚渐新世礼乐地块裂离北部陆缘后开始发育礁灰岩.为认识这些长期浸没海水中的礼乐礁体及其下伏地层的热状态与热演化特征,在详细分析礼乐滩钻井测温数据和镜质体反射率数据的基础上,对一条穿过礁体的骨干剖面进行了构造热演化数值模拟.结果显示,礁体区钻井2000～4500 m深度范围内温度介于30～90℃之间,井底与海底之间的平均地温梯度仅10℃·km~(-1)左右,地温梯度随深度逐渐增加,3000～4000m深度段地温梯度介于32～37℃·km~(-1);礁体下伏地层有机质曾经经历了比现今所处温度更高的古温度.进一步分析表明,高孔高渗的礁体上部因与周围低温海水发生热交换,导致地层温度降低、地温梯度和热流降低甚至为负值;与海水热交换作用随深度增加而减弱并最终停止,地层温度逐渐升高,地温梯度和热流值趋于正常;现今钻井3000～4000 m深度段地温梯度约为35℃·km~(-1),基底热流可能介于65～75 mW·m~(-2),平均约为70 mW·m~(-2);礁体发育区有机质热成熟度主要是在礁体与周围低温海水发生实际热交换前获得的,礁体与海水热交换作用导致地层温度逐渐降低,有机质热成熟度增长缓慢,现今生烃门限深度明显大于邻近的北1凹陷中部区域的门限深度.     

地物的二向性反射和方向谱特征

本文简要介绍了地物二向性反射的概念及其与地物三维空间结构之间的关系。本文建议在建立高分辨率地物波谱数据库的同时,开展不同类型地物BRDF模型的研究。否则耗资巨大的数据库仍不能有效地应用于结构千变万化的环境遥感。     

Effect of linear and non-linear mixing on hyper-spectral signatures of snow in the optical region (350–2500 nm)

Study of hyper-spectral behaviour of snow is important to interpret, analyse and validate optical remote sensing observations. To map and understand response of snow-mixed pixels in RS data, field experiments were conducted for linear mixing of external materials (i.e. Vegetation, Soil) with snow, using spectral-radiometer (350–2500 nm). Further, systematic non-linear mixing of snow contaminants (soil, coal, ash) in terms of size and concentration of contaminants is analysed to imitate and understand spectral response of actual field scenarios. Sensitivity of band indices along with absorption peak characteristics provide clues to discriminate the type of contaminants. SWIR region is found to be useful for discriminating size of external contaminants in snow e.g. Avalanche deposited snow from light contaminated forms. Present research provide inputs for mapping snow-mixed pixels in medium/coarse resolution remote sensing RS data (in terms of linear mixing) and suitable wavelength selections for identification and discriminating type/size of snow contaminants (in terms of non-linear mixing).     

Benthic coverage and bottom topography of coral reef environment over Pirotan reef,Gulf of Kachchh region,India

Remote sensing measurements in coral reef environments commonly confront the problem of overlying atmosphere and modification of spectral signal due to water column over the bottom substrates. In order to correct these problems, hyperspectral observations offer an advantage over multispectral observations. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data from Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer- Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor was acquired during low tidal condition on 14 February 2016 at Pirotan reef, Gulf of Kachchh region, India. The objective of this study is to map benthic coverage and bottom topography over Pirotan reef. The methodology involved atmospheric correction, simultaneous retrieval of water parameters, bathymetry, water column correction and mapping. Atmospheric correction was performed by removing path radiance and aerosol contribution and dividing by atmospheric transmittance and incoming solar irradiance to obtain remote sensing reflectance. Model derived error minimization technique was used for simultaneous retrieval of water parameters and bathymetry. Derived water parameters were used to account for water column attenuation and retrieve concomitant true bottom signature.     

Landsat系列卫星地表反射率产品研究进展

Landsat系列卫星为地球资源环境动态监测提供了长达40余年的中高分辨率卫星影像,近年来USGS等实施的Landsat数据共享计划使Landsat系列卫星数据成为应用最广泛的中高分辨率卫星数据。长期以来,Landsat系列卫星数据以灰度值(DN值)的形式提供给用户,受传感器波段响应、具体成像条件(太阳高度角、大气散射和吸收等)差异等的影响,不同传感器、不同时间、不同地点的卫星影像DN值不具有可比性,给Landsat系列卫星数据的定量应用造成了障碍。近年来国内外多家研究机构陆续推出了Landsat系列卫星地表反射率产品,以增强Landsat长时间系列卫星数据的可比性。本文对USGS、马里兰大学、WELD团队和中国科学院等多家机构推出的Landsat地表反射率产品进行了介绍,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Sentinel-2A与Landsat 8O LI逐像元辐射归一化方法研究

考虑不同传感器光谱响应函数差异及不同地物类型反射率光谱的差异,提出了一种逐像元辐射归一化方法,并以2017年7月17日内蒙古达里诺尔湖地区准同步过境的Sentinel-2A及Landsat 8数据为例,对两类数据可见-近红外波段（VNIR）地表反射率结果进行归一化。首先采用Sen2cor方法及NASA官方提供大气校正算法,分别对Sentinel-2A及Landsat 8 OLI影像进行大气校正并重采样到同一空间分辨率;然后基于光谱库计算匹配因子并构建图像与光谱库之间的匹配转换模型,实现像元尺度上从Sentinel-2影像到Landsat 8影像地表反射率相似波段之间的转换。结果表明,经逐像元归一化的影像相比原始影像及经HLS光谱归一化的影像,与Landsat 8 VNIR波段的相关性明显提高,辐射一致性增强。该转换模型为多源中高分辨率遥感图像高精度辐射归一化提供了新思路。     

业务化MODIS BRDF模型对冰雪BRDF/反照率的反演能力评估

全球MODIS冰雪反照率产品在定量遥感中有着广泛应用,但由于该产品的业务化算法是建立在表征植被—土壤系统基础上的罗斯表层(RT)李氏稀疏互易核(LSR)的二向性反射分布函数(BRDF)模型(简称为RTLSR),因此该模型对冰雪的二向性反射及反照率的反演能力有待评估。本文基于地球反射极化和方向测量仪(POLDER)的多角度冰雪反射率数据,综合评估了RTLSR模型在表征冰雪二向反射及反演反照率等方面的能力。为量化评估结果,本研究基于渐进辐射传输(ART)模型,从POLDER冰雪数据中筛选出高质量数据,使用ART模型拟合的高质量结果作为参考,比较结果表明:(1)在表征冰雪方向性散射方面,RTLSR模型整体拟合精度较低。在1020 nm波段,其均方根误差(RMSE)最大可达到0.0498,相较于ART模型的拟合结果偏高了约53.70%;(2)在反演冰雪反照率方面,RTLSR模型与ART模型反演结果也存在差别,其决定系数为0.529,均方根误差为0.0333,偏差为-0.0274,基于RTLSR模型的反演结果低估了ART模型的反演结果。为了使核驱动模型能更准确地表征冰雪BRDF特征和反演反照率,该模型需要针对冰雪散射特点进行进一步的发展。