煤／焦反射率自动测定系统与技术方法

ＨＹ－３型全自动显微光度测定系统为煤、焦、中间相、矿物等反射率提供了自动测定工具。本文介绍了其中采用的技术措施与反射率自动测定过程中采用的技术方法。     

Characterising the hydrothermal alteration of the Broadlands–Ohaaki geothermal system, New Zealand, using short-wave infrared spectroscopy

Hydrothermal clay minerals present in the Broadlands–Ohaaki geothermal field were characterised by field portable short-wave infrared spectroscopy. Three major alteration zones, an upper smectite, a middle illite and a lower illite–chlorite, are spectrally separable. The zoning pattern is generally consistent with the thermal structure of the geothermal field, although occasionally zone boundaries cut present-day isotherms. The data indicate that temperature is the major control on clay zoning and permeability plays a subordinate role.Both beidellite and montmorillonite are common in the upper, low-temperature smectite zone. Kaolinite, mainly of low crystallinity, marks the margin of the field where cool acidic ground waters inflow. In the middle alteration zone, illite, dominantly K-rich, shows a narrow compositional variability. Some highly permeable zones are characterised by illite with low octahedral Al contents. Ammonium-bearing illite and buddingtonite are present locally in permeable horizons within the illite zone, where temperatures are above 200°C. Chlorite is most abundant in the lower alteration zone (temperature >250°C), although it also occurs unevenly in the upper and middle alteration zones. Chlorite varies from Mg- to Fe-rich varieties (but mostly with Mg# values <0.5), but no compositional trends with respect to depth are spectrally detectable.     

A new model on bidirectional reflectance surface-atmospheric coupled radiation

An exact and available model on bidirectional reflectance surface-atmospheric coupled radiation is of great significance for spaceborne remote sensing application. Based on the physical process of interaction of solar radiation with the surface and the atmosphere, a new model on bidirectional reflectance surface-atmospheric coupled radiation is developed in this paper. As shown in numerical simulation, this model is evidently better than the 6S model. The standard error among 110112 sets of upward radiance data calculated by this new model is only 0.49%, which is about one fourth of the one by 6S. In the condition of the solar zenith angle θ_s⩽75° and the viewing angle θ _v⩽ 60°, the error by the new model is usually smaller than 2.5%.     

卫星遥感大气订正的参数化模式及其模拟应用

发展了一个用于卫星大气订正的参数化模式,包括一个新的程辐射亮度模式和一个参数化的朗伯地表一大气辐射耦合引起的亮度增量模式.应用最小二乘法,程辐射亮度被参数化为大气总光学厚度、一次散射反照率、太阳天顶角、视天顶角、方位角、大气不对称因子的函数.应用这一参数化的亮度模式进行大气订正应用的数值模拟,即进行卫星遥感地表光谱反照率的模拟试验.数值检验结果表明对于865 nm,670nm,550nm和412nm 4个MODIS通道,在0°-70°的太阳天顶角、0°-60°视观测角以及0.05-0.8的地表反照率条件下,参数化的向上辐射亮度的标准差小于4%,由该参数化亮度模式引起的地表反照率解的标准差小于0.03.     

冀中文安斜坡石炭—二叠纪煤系特征及岩浆热力成烃作用

对文安斜坡石炭—二叠纪(C—P)煤系特征,尤其是煤的煤岩显微组分组成和煤及煤的各显微组分的元素组成特征的研究表明,本区煤中镜质组含量占绝对优势且较富氢。本文还研究了新生代该煤系的再次埋藏和该区下第三系岩浆活动以及煤系中多层辉绿岩侵入的热力作用对其成熟度的各自影响程度,认为本区已发现的煤成油气藏大体分布在平均R_0为1.0％～2.0％的苏桥地区,与早第三纪岩浆活动有密切关系。岩浆热力影响有效地促进了煤系烃源岩的热演化和成烃转化,而破坏作用则不大。     

彩红外航空像片应用于森林灾害调查的方法与结果分析

本文应用联邦德国的一个实例,介绍了大比例尺(1:5000)彩红外航空像片应用于森林灾害调查的程序和方法。总结了彩红外航空像片判读树种和林木受损害等级的标志;并分析了不同树种、年龄和海拔高度等因素对林木受损害程度的影响;最后提出了调查精度。结果表明:利用彩红外航空像片调查林木因大气污染、病虫害、自然灾害等因子影响而受损的程度的方法,可以为合理经营规划森林资源快速提供较精确的信息。     

The Statistical Prediction of the Vitrinite Reflectance and Study of the Ancient Geothermal Field in Songliao Basin,China

The resource of the gas from coal and coal measures deep in Songliao Basin hasbeen drawing more and more attention to.It is necessary to find out the evolution regulari-ty of the geothermal field of the basin in addition to a series of geological studies in orderto predict its resources because the ancient geothermal field of the basin is one of themain factors controlling the generation,evolution and disappearance of oil and gas.Inthe recent twenty years,it is generally believed that vitrinite reflectance is the best quanti-tative marker for the ancient geothermal field.In the present paper,a systematic studyof the vitrinite reflectance value of Songliao Basin and its influence factors is made by mul-tiple statistical analysis so as to reconstruct the evolutional process of the Moho and thecorresponding geothermal field.Then,an overall prediction is made of the vitrinitereflectance and the distribution of J_3-K_1 fault basin group at the bottom of SongliaoBasin,which provides the evidence for the furth     

Potential of multispectral reflectance for assessment of snow geophysical parameters in Solang valley in the lower Indian Himalayas

ABSTRACT

Snow geophysical parameters such as wetness, density and permittivity are a significant input in hydrological models and water resource management. In this paper, we utilize the triangle method based on a feature space developed with the near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and the Normalized Differenced Snow Index (NDSI) for the estimation of surface snow wetness, permittivity and density. The triangular feature space based on NIR reflectance and NDSI is parameterized to yield a linear relationship between the snow wetness and the NIR reflectance. Snow density and permittivity are derived based on the least squares solution of empirical relations based on the observations of surface snow wetness. The proposed methodology was evaluated using Sentinel-2 data, and the modeled snow geophysical parameters were validated with respect to field measurements. Based on the results, it was inferred that the NIR reflectance varies linearly with the liquid water content in the snow. A good agreement was determined between the modeled and measured parameters for wet snow conditions as observed by the coefficient of determination of 0.968, 0.521 and 0.969 for the snow wetness, density and permittivity (real part), respectively. The proposed approach can be significantly utilized with unmanned aerial sensors for monitoring of physical properties of fresh or wet snow and is thus expected to contribute considerably in hydrological applications and avalanche studies.     

盆地有机质在盆山耦合作用中的反映

盆地有机质的演化研究对认识盆山耦合关系具有十分重要的意义。盆地有机质及其演化产物主要受到温度、时问、应力等条件的影响。借助盆地中有机质的镜质体反射率、有机流体包裹体、有机地球化学指标等参数可分析建立盆山构造地层体系和统一的地下流体温度、压力场及构造应力场，最终反演整个盆山的耦合历程。     

FY-1C资料在云顶粒子热力学相态分析中的应用研究

中国发射的FY-1C极轨气象卫星有10个探测通道,包括可见光、近红外和红外波段.在对云顶粒子热力学相态进行数学模拟分析的基础上,利用FY-1C资料对实例进行了分析研究.结果表明FY-1C的通道6(1.58～1.64μm)适于探测云顶粒子的热力学相态.