基于遥感反射比光谱的一种藻类识别方法

利用所得的甲藻门和硅藻门的17种藻类遥感反射比光谱,对其进行平滑、取倒数和归一化等预处理后,进行了四阶微分处理.根据聚类分析结果,甲藻门各藻种分为一类,而硅藻门的藻种分为另一类,这说明经上述处理后,甲藻门和硅藻门的差异性显著增大.将甲藻门和硅藻门的四阶微分光谱分别平均得到门类的特征光谱,并在原始数据中加入泥沙进行敏感性...     

Derivation of elemental abundance maps at intermediate resolution from optical interpolation of lunar prospector gamma-ray spectrometer data

We propose a technique that interpolates available lunar prospector gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) data using Clementine UVVIS spectral reflectance images. The main idea is to use low resolution GRS data as a “ground truth” to establish relationships linking optical data and geochemical information maximizing the respective correlation coefficients. Then the relationships and Clementine UVVIS data are used to derive elemental abundance maps with significantly improved spatial resolution. The main limitation of the technique is its dependence on how well the abundance of the elements correlates with the Clementine UVVIS data. The technique can also be applied to analysis of coming D-CIXS/Smart-1 and AMIE/Smart-1 data to increase resolution of lunar compositional maps. As an illustration of the suggested technique, maps for the elements Fe, Ti, O, Al, Ca, and Mg with pixel size 15 km×15 km are presented. The Fe and Ti distributions resemble qualitatively to the maps obtained with the well-known technique by lucey et al. (2000a. Lunar iron and titanium abundance algorithms based on final processing of Clementine ultraviolet-visible images. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 20,297-20,306), though in our case the ranges of Fe and Ti variations are, respectively, wider and narrower than for lucey's maps. New maps for the elements Fe, Ti, O, Al, Ca, and Mg appear to be informative. For instance, the map of oxygen abundance demonstrates an anomaly in the crater Tycho. The maps of Fe and Al contents show for highland regions slight variations related to maturity degree. Reliability of this relation is confirmed with lunar sample data. The reason of the correlation between chemical composition and exposition age of the lunar surface can be the global transport of the lunar surface material due to meteorite impacts.     

Near‐infrared spectroscopy of a hydroecological indicator: new tool for determining sustainable yield for Floridan aquifer system

Pond‐cypress (Taxodium ascendens Brong.) is a dominant canopy species in depressional wetlands of the south‐eastern Coastal Plain. Unsustainable withdrawals from the karst Floridan aquifer system have caused premature decline and death of pond‐cypress trees, presumably owing to altered hydroperiods (which alter the flow of water and nutrients in trees). There has been no scientifically based means to determine sustainable yield from this regional aquifer system or to detect early stages of physical/ecological damage associated with groundwater mining and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR, which also can alter natural hydroperiods). In this study, the relationship between visual symptoms (indicators) of stress or premature decline, and spectral reflectance was evaluated using dried, milled branch tips collected from natural stands of mature pond‐cypress. Depressional systems evaluated represented four of the six aquifer system subregions where subsurface perturbations from groundwater mining: (i) were presumed not to be occurring (reference wetlands); (ii) may be occurring but are not documented; and (iii) have been confirmed. Sampled trees were assigned to one of three stress classes (1, no/minimal; 2, moderate; 3, severe) based on the visual indicators. Partial least squares–linear discriminant analysis of second derivative spectral transformations in the visible/shortwave near‐infrared (NIR) region (400–1100 nm) and the NIR region (1100–2500 nm) was used to evaluate the samples in assigned classes. Class 1 samples were discriminated from combined class 2 and 3 samples in the NIR region with 100% and 97% accuracy for consecutive winter sample periods (before bud‐break). The percentage of correctly classified samples in this spectral region was lower (85%) for summer samples (full leaf‐out). Second‐derivative models for the NIR region developed from the winter data sets predicted assigned classes for alternate winter's samples with an accuracy of 97% and 100%. High correlation between spectral reflectance of dried, milled branch tips collected from mature pond‐cypress in winter and visual indicators of premature decline suggests in situ pond‐cypress are hydroecological indicators of anthropogenic subsurface hydroperiod perturbations. This approach provides objective means for early detection of unsustainable aquifer yield and adverse impacts from ASR activities in the south‐eastern Coastal Plain. Used in conjunction with hydrological monitoring and modelling, the hydroecological indicators should provide the means with which sustainable yield in the south‐eastern Coastal Plain can be achieved and maintained. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于混合像元分解的南方地区植被覆盖度遥感监测——以广州市为例

通过测量图像端元的地表反射率,对遥感图像进行精确大气校正;在对混合像元分解模型进行改进的基础上,建立了基于地表反射率的线性混合像元分解( Liner Spectral Unmixing,LSU)模型,有效地避免了因大气时间、空间差异所造成的多时相误差,实现了多时相对比;通过增加土壤湿度因子,消除了土壤湿度差异造成的误差...     

曹妃甸近海表层悬浮泥沙遥感定量监测研究

在曹妃甸近海水体实测光谱数据分析的基础上,与同步采集的水体悬浮泥沙浓度进行相关分析,选用合适的TM数据的遥感变量参数,根据2008年实测的四个剖面29个站点的海洋水色数据建立了水体悬浮泥沙浓度与TM数据对应的遥感定量反演模型,并用18个独立样本点进行了精度评价.研究结果表明:曹妃甸近海水体光谱曲线基本呈现单峰现象,敏感...     

卫星高光谱数据反演南沙岛礁区海域浅海水深和光学参数

利用卫星高光谱数据反演南海岛礁区浅海地形无疑具有重要意义,它不依赖于常规水深测量数据,可获得较高反演精度,同时可获得海底反射率和海水光学参数。本文利用美国NASA EO-1卫星装载的高光谱成像仪Hyperion数据,以及Z P Lee提出的半分析模型和高光谱优化算法HOPE,反演南沙岛礁海域的浅海水深、海底反射率和固有光学参数。收集了覆盖南沙海域12个岛礁区9幅2007—2011年Hyperion L1数据,以及有关的水深现场测量资料。反演结果以中洲礁为例,0~15m水深范围,平均百分误差为14%,均方根误差为1.53,相关系数为0.96,0~25m水深范围,平均百分误差为15%,均方根误差为2.68,相关系数为0.93。中洲礁,中业岛,信义礁和双黄沙洲4个岛礁区浅海水深反演的平均百分误差为14%。研究结果证明,半分析模型和HOPE算法用于南中国海岛礁区浅海水深及光学参数测量效果良好,并可推广应用于在轨运行的中国HJ-1A卫星HSI高光谱数据及其他将投入运行的卫星高光谱数据。     

Empirical models for estimating the suspended sediment concentration in Amazonian white water rivers using Landsat 5/TM

Suspended sediment yield is a very important environmental indicator within Amazonian fluvial systems, especially for rivers dominated by inorganic particles, referred to as white water rivers. For vast portions of Amazonian rivers, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is measured infrequently or not at all. However, remote sensing techniques have been used to estimate water quality parameters worldwide, from which data for suspended matter is the most successfully retrieved. This paper presents empirical models for SSC retrieval in Amazonian white water rivers using reflectance data derived from Landsat 5/TM. The models use multiple regression for both the entire dataset (global model, N = 504) and for five segmented datasets (regional models) defined by general geological features of drainage basins. The models use VNIR bands, band ratios, and the SWIR band 5 as input. For the global model, the adjusted R² is 0.76, while the adjusted R² values for regional models vary from 0.77 to 0.89, all significant (p-value < 0.0001). The regional models are subject to the leave-one-out cross validation technique, which presents robust results. The findings show that both the average error of estimation and the standard deviation increase as the SSC range increases. Regional models were more accurate when compared with the global model, suggesting changes in optical proprieties of water sampled at different sampling stations. Results confirm the potential for the estimation of SSC from Landsat/TM historical series data for the 1980s and 1990s, for which the in situ database is scarce. Such estimates supplement the SSC temporal series, providing a more comprehensive SSC temporal series which may show environmental dynamics yet unknown.     

Creation of DTM with ASTER Data and Statistical Verification of the Accuracy of the Model (Western Peloponnese,Greece)

Abstract

In this paper we present the use of ASTER data for the creation of a Digital Terrain Model (DMT) of high accuracy. Using a stereo pair of ASTER satellite images with 15m resolution we created two DMTs: one with a 30m pixel size and another one with a 15m pixel size. Then we made a statistical verification of the two DTMs accuracy. We created another DTM with 30m pixel size from digitized contours of 1:50000 scale topographic maps. We first made an optical comparison of the two DTMs with 30m pixel size. Then we subtracted the two DTMs and we presented their difference. Finally, we verified the DTMs accuracy using 68 points of a well‐known elevation. All the results demonstrated that DTMs derived from ASTER data have very good accuracy.     

六种不同变质程度煤的最大镜质组反射率与弹性参数的关系

煤镜质组反射率是评价煤阶、区分煤种的重要参数之一,在煤层气勘探与开发、采煤、化工和冶金中有着重要的应用.以往煤阶的评价单纯通过巷道和钻孔取芯的煤样实验室测试分析获得,受取样点有限限制.本文通过6种不同变质程度煤的挥发分和镜质组最大反射率的测试,配合煤样的超声弹性测量,探讨了镜质组最大反射率与地震属性参数-波速、密度和弹性模量之间的相关性.研究发现:煤镜质组最大反射率与地震属性参数均存在较好的线性正相关,其中以密度与纵波速度的相关程度最高.从而为利用煤田地震预测镜质组最大反射率,进而预测煤阶的三维立体分布提供了试验与物理依据.     

Determining oil slick thickness using hyperspectral remote sensing in the Bohai Sea of China

Abstract

Determining oil slick thickness plays an important role in assessing oil spill volume and its environmental impacts on the ocean. In this study, we used a Hyperion image of an oil spill accident area and seawater and fresh crude oil samples collected in the Bohai Sea of China. A well-controlled laboratory experiment was designed to simulate spectral responses to different oil slick thicknesses. Spectral resampling and normalization methods were used to reduce the differences in spectral reflectances between the experimental background seawater sample and real background seawater. Fitting the analysis with laboratory experimental data results showed a linear relationship between normalized oil slick reflectance and normalized oil slick thickness [20th band (R ²=0.92938, n=49, p<0.01), 26th band (R ²=0.93806, n=49, p<0.01), 29th band (R ²=0.93288, n=49, p<0.01)]. By using these statistical models, we successfully determined the normalized oil slick thickness with the Hyperion image. Our results indicate that hyperspectral remote sensing technology is an effective method to monitor oil spills on water. The spectral ranges of visible green and red light were the optimal bands for estimating oil slick thickness in case 2 water. The high, stabilized spectral reflectance of background seawater will be helpful in oil slick thickness inversion.