基于非静力模式物理扰动的中尺度集合预报试验

以GRAPES中尺度有限区模式作为试验模式, 从模式的不确定性方面来构造中尺度的集合预报, 重点考虑物理因子与初始条件的扰动作用。针对2004年7月10日北京城区的突发性暴雨过程进行了36 h的集合预报试验。结果表明:GRAPES模式可有效地捕捉到中尺度过程的信息; 中尺度集合预报是可行的, 可改进中尺度暴雨过程落区、强度的预报; 不同集合方案的预报结果各不相同, 同一方案各个成员的预报结果也有差异, 即存在适宜的离散度; 在离散度分析中发现在北京附近存在一个明显大值区, 且在大气中低层的垂直结构表现出一致性, 表明这一区域的预报不确定性很大。从集合检验结果中得到:单纯考虑模式物理扰动来构造中尺度集合预报系统有一定难度, 当加入初始场不确定信息后, 同时考虑模式的不确定性和初始场的不确定性, 有助于捕捉更多的中尺度系统的不确定信息, 有助于构造更为有效的中尺度集合预报系统。     

Seasonal Sensitivity on COBEL-ISBA Local Forecast System for Fog and Low Clouds

Skillful low visibility forecasts are essential for air-traffic managers to effectively regulate traffic and to optimize air-traffic control at international airports. For this purpose, the COBEL-ISBA local numerical forecast system has been implemented at Paris CDG international airport. This local approach is robust owing to the assimilation of detailed local observations. However, even with dedicated observations and initialization, uncertainties remain in both initial conditions and mesoscale forcings. The goal of the research presented here is to address the sensitivity of COBEL-ISBA forecast to initial conditions and mesoscale forcings during the winter season 2002–2003. The main sources of uncertainty of COBEL-ISBA input parameters have been estimated and the evaluation of parameter uncertainty on the forecasts has been studied. A budget strategy is applied during the winter season to quantify COBEL-ISBA sensitivity. This study is the first step toward building a local ensemble prediction system based on COBEL-ISBA. The conclusions of this work point out the potential for COBEL-ISBA ensemble forecasting and quantify sources of uncertainty that lead to dispersion.     

A Conceptual Framework for Enhancing the Utility of Rainfall Hazard Forecasts for Agriculture in Marginal Environments

Semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas (especially in the tropics) are characterized by high inter-annual and intra-seasonal rainfall variability. Agriculture, which employs the bulk of the rapidly increasing populations, is largely rain-fed, low-input based and highly resource dependent. Recent spates of drought have, therefore, exacerbated the now-too-familiar specter of famine and starvation in these areas with glaring examples being the recurring episodes in sub-Saharan Africa since the great Sahel drought of 1969–1973. A great need for accurate and timely hazard forecast products in aid of agriculture thus exists.Several schemes are currently employed by various agencies around the globe in this direction. There does remain, however, a gap between product provision and user expectations. This paper examines this gap suggesting a five-point framework within which it can be addressed as an action agenda for the climate science community. The paper posits that changes are possible to existing methodologies (related to three of these points), which, within the context of current science, can greatly enhance the utility of forecast products for agriculture in marginal areas. The remaining two points have, however, been identified as requiring additional applied research and necessary pointers for addressing these issues are provided. First is the need for appropriate impact-related indicators for intra-seasonal and interannual rainfall variability that are easy to compute, amenable to forecasting and follow closely the experiences of farmers in marginal areas. The second is a consideration of appropriate forecast information formatting and communication medium that guarantee effective feedback between forecast producers and users. Specific examples of the status quo and of work currently underway are cited from southern Africa – a region currently attracting international attention as a result of recent droughts and the threat of famine.     

全球热带简单海气耦合模式中的ENSO预报试验

利用一个全球热带简单海气耦合模式(GTSM模式),并选取热带三大洋较强的冷暖事件作为预报对象进行了若干预报试验,分析结果发现:在GTSM模式中由于热带三大洋海气耦合通过大气模式而相互作用和影响,使得该模式对于东大西洋和中东印度洋较强冷暖事件的预报能力,较单独大西洋或单独印度洋耦合模式均有明显提高,预报和观测的ATL3、IND3指数的相关系数达到0.5以上的月份,分别达到9个月和6个月左右;而在东太平洋则和ZC(LDEO1)模式差不多,预报和观测的Nio3指数的相关系数达到0.6以上的月份可以达到15个月左右.     

R值用于地震预测效能评估中的问题与改进

在回顾地震预测效能检验的基础上,对Ｒ值评分法进行了进一步的理论推导,给出了预报指标“有异常”与“无异常”状态下预报的震发生的Ｒ值及其相互关系,多异常状态下地震发生的Ｒ值分布计算及其与方法总的Ｒ值的关系及在异常取值间隔与预报时空尺度不一致的情况下Ｒ值的正确计算与预报方法等结果,最后讨论了与预报评分相关的一些问题。     

“99.12”广西严重霜冻、冰冻天气过程特征及预报分析

通过对1999年12月21～28日,广西出现的严重霜冻、冰冻天气过程环流特征的演变、气象要素的变化、数值预报产品的分析,得到造成这次严重霜冻、冰冻天气的主要原因是：地面气压高、露点温度特低、相对湿度小、辐射降温明显。     

北京地区未来1～3天昼夜气温预报模型

采用T2 1 3数值天气预报产品资料和北京市观象台 ( 5451 1 )实时地面气象观测资料 ,运用神经网络方法 ,建立了北京市观象台 (东郊 )未来 1～ 3天 ( 0～ 72h)夜间、白天、全天平均气温及夜间最低、白天最高气温共 5项气温的预报模式 ,经检验 ,预报的均方根误差 <2℃ ,可满足供热调度节能工作的迫切需要。     

浅谈电视天气预报节目解说词的编写

目前,山西省的电视天气预报节目主持人大都不是气象专业人员,因此,解说词的编写质量高低就成了整个天气预报节目能否取得观众认可的一个重要因素。要编一份成功的解说词,不仅要及时掌握大量的实时气象信息,也要充分了解本地天气气候背景,还要学习积累气象科普、专业服务等多方面的知识,并运用娴熟的文学技巧,从通俗易懂的角度向观众朋友们传递方便实用的气象信息。     

咸阳市一次强对流暴雨天气分析

本文分析了2004年6月～8月大同市对流性降水的天气气候特点,并以7月10日为例对大气环流场进行了分析,总结了大同市对流性降水预报在水汽条件、不稳定层结、抬升力条件上的温压场特点,总结出了一些经验指标,对提高预报质量,搞好气象服务和防灾减灾具有重要意义。     

做好天气预报栏目广告工作的体会

介绍了在百色电视天气预报栏目开展广告经营中，以心理营销为切入口的工作思路与体会。