土壤干湿交替促进硒酸盐的还原作用

采集不同类型的新鲜土壤，经处理获得其风干、烘干的样品，重新潮湿后，加入一定量的Na2SeO4溶液，进行了培育实验（incubationexperiments）。实验结果表明，随着土壤干燥程度的增加，硒酸盐还原作用的速度也随之加快。这进一步证实，作为一种地球化学营力的土壤干湿交替，通过对土壤水势（soilwaterpotential）、微生物群落等的影响，间接地促进了硒酸盐还原作用，因而成为硒生物地球化学循环的驱动力之一。     

基于SLFT的边坡强度折减法失稳判据

强度折减法在评价边坡稳定性时不需要假设和搜索临界滑裂面，相对于其它方法具有一定优势，但失稳判据尚无明 确标准。滑移线场理论（SLFT） 可以计算得到的极限状态下的边坡坡面曲线（简称极限坡面曲线），已有研究表明极限坡 面曲线与边坡坡面的相对位置关系可以判断边坡稳定性。基于该结论提出一种边坡强度折减法失稳判据：不同折减系数计 算得到不同的强度参数，因此滑移线场理论计算得到的极限坡面曲线将发生变化，当极限坡面曲线与边坡坡面在坡底相离 时，判断边坡为稳定状态；当极限坡面曲线与边坡坡面相交于坡脚时，判断边坡为极限平衡状态；当极限坡面曲线与边坡 坡面相交时，判断边坡为失稳状态。对标准边坡考题的计算结果表明：提出的失稳判据收敛性较好，安全系数计算结果与 标准答案和已有失稳判据分析结论相差较小；传统失稳判据收敛指标的确定没有明确标准，当位移突变曲线光滑时很难找 到突变点，很难准确计算对应的安全系数，更重要的是传统失稳判据判断边坡极限状态受到人为主观因素的影响，而提出 的失稳判据可以实现失稳判据的客观标准化；确定的临界滑裂面形状以及在边坡中的位置都与标准答案基本一致，提出的 失稳判据适用于强度折减法。     

Estimating Climate-Change Impacts on Colorado Plateau Snowpack Using Downscaling Methods

This study develops observed climate-based downscaling transfer functions that are used with general circulation model (GCM) output to assess potential global-change impacts on Upper Colorado Plateau, USA, water resources. Daily automated snow water equivalent stations are used with 700 mb atmospheric circulation to determine empirical transfer functions. Downscaling methodologies using multiple regression and neural networks are evaluated, with the neural network results explaining approximately 70%of the daily snowfall variance. The neural network-based transfer functions are used with the GENESIS GCM to simulate snowfall characteristics in both a 1xCO₂ and a 2xCO₂ climate. While the total precipitation simulated by the 2xCO₂ analysis remains nearly the same as today, less will fall as snow; specifically, snow water equivalence shows significant reduction (except in the Green River Basin) as the snow season is reduced by 58 days on average.     

乌鲁木齐西山断层新构造运动特征

展布于哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔亚板块南缘西山南麓的乌鲁木齐西山断层，构造地貌发育，航卫片上线性影象清晰，呈舒缓波状。断面倾向ＮＷＷ，倾角６０°～８３°。破碎带宽约１００ｍ，内含多个断面，构成叠瓦状构造，逆冲量颇大。在走向近ＮＥ区段有一定左行走滑活动分量。新构造运动使侏罗系逆冲到中更新统之上，断层断错了全新统的冲积层。由中强地震沿西山断层分布资料显示，现今仍为粘滑活动。经１４Ｃ测年确定，最近两次明显粘滑活动时间为４７５９ａ和４９３ａ，其时间间隔为４２６６ａ，其中一个断面的逆冲量分别为１．０ｍ和０．２５ｍ。     

豆芽棚滑坡治理工程及效果

对处于临滑状态的豆芽棚滑坡进行综合治理，实施排水、加固、支档和减载等工程。经多种监测结果证明，工程治理效果良好。     

克服低纬度化磁极困难的有效方法

低纬度地区（尤其是磁赤道附近）磁场化极是长期以来没有很好解决的问题。这里提出的方法只时常规化极稍加改进，通过时化极因子的频点偏移，避开无界点，使化极结果改善很大，甚至在赤道上也可以化极。它既有很高的精度，又因仍是在频率域内进行，故计算方便、快速，非常适合大面积的资料计算     

Composition of Kerogen in Kupferschiefer from Southwest Poland

Thirty-seven Kupferschiefer samples from southwestern Poland were analyzed by microscopy, Rock-Eval approach and instrumental neutron activation analysis to understand the geochemical and morphological characteristics of kerogen present in the samples. The analytical results indicate that there are two different types of kerogens. One type was only subjected to thermal alteration processes, and the other was further oxidized after deposition of the sediment.In the oxidized samples migrabitumen was transformed into pyrobitumen. Rock-Eval analyses show a significant decrease in HI values in the oxidized samples and an increase in OI values in relation to the samples that were not influenced by oxidation. Variations in S2 versus Corg contents indicate a change in kerogen from Type II to Type III with progressing oxidation. The presence of pyrobitumen and the depletion of hydrogen in the altered kerogen allow one to conclude that the kerogen was used as hydrogen donor for thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR).     

岩质高边坡岩体变形参数及松弛带厚度研究

预测岩质高边坡开挖后岩体变形模量的变化及松弛带厚度，是分析岩质高边坡在开挖后变形（位移）和作好防护设计的重要资料，运用波动力学关于平均应力与体积模量、岩体纵波速度与弹性模量、变形模量间的关系，通过部分实测资料及边坡应力场有限元分析的资料，分别建立了纵波速度与岩体变形模、岩体应力间的关系，研究了开挖边坡岩体变形模量的变化，预测了岩体松弛带的厚度。     

Lake Koronia, Greece: Shift from autotrophy to heterotrophy with cultural eutrophication and progressive water-level reduction

Lake Koronia, a Ramsar site, is shallow, polymictic, hypertrophic and until recently was aerially the fourth largest lake in Greece. Although exceeding 5 m in the past, lake depth has declined progressively from 3.8 m in 1980 to < 1 m in 1997, reducing surface area and water volume by 50% and 80%, respectively. Specific conductivityincreased from 1300 μS cm⁻¹ in 1977 to >6000 μS cm⁻¹ in 1991. Increased phosphate concentrations from the late 1970's (8–45 μg L⁻¹) to the late 1990's (100–1000 μg L⁻¹) document that the previously eutrophic system with a limited littoral zone switched to hypertrophy dominated by massive cyanobacteria blooms. Oxygen saturation of the water column increased progressively from about 80% in 1983 to full saturation about 1993, after which it decreased progressively to only 20% saturation in 1997. In spite of cyanobacteria dominance, community metabolism of the lake switched from progressively increasing autotrophy to rapidly advancing heterotrophy associated with progressive water-level reduction leading to fish extirpation in the lake.