豫西卢氏八宝山铁铜多金属矿床黄铁矿成分研究

豫西卢氏八宝山铁铜多金属矿床是华北克拉通南缘中生代斑岩成矿体系中以铁矿化为主的矿床,其中南矿带和西矿带广泛发育黄铁矿。电子探针成分显示,黄铁矿的主要元素S和Fe的总和超过90%,但同一种黄铁矿表面不同位置微量元素Cu和As的含量存在突变。这种突变说明,来源于同一岩浆热液系统的富液相流体与上升的富气相流体的混合作用是引起黄铁矿沉淀的主要机制。黄铁矿中的As有两种赋存价态As3+和As1–,代表了八宝山斑岩矿床中形成黄铁矿的岩浆流体可能经历了先氧化后还原的环境(As3+指示氧化环境,As1–指示还原环境),说明八宝山矿区具有斑岩铜矿的成矿潜力。     

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Acoustic Wave Energy After the Nonlinear Interaction of Acoustic Waves in Aqueous Media

Based on the Burgers equation and Manley?Rowe equation, the derivation about nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves has been done in this paper. After nonlinear interaction among the low-frequency weak waves and the pump wave, the analytical solutions of acoustic waves’ amplitude in the field are deduced. The relationship between normalized energy of high-frequency and the change of acoustic energy before and after the nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves is analyzed. The experimental results about the changes of the acoustic energy are presented. The study shows that new frequencies are generated and the energies of the low-frequency are modulated in a long term by the pump waves, which leads the energies of the low-frequency acoustic waves to change in the pulse trend in the process of the nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves. The increase and decrease of the energies of the low-frequency are observed under certain typical conditions, which lays a foundation for practical engineering applications.     

Chemistry of pyrites from Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic ore deposit in Western Henan ProvinceEI北大核心CSCD

The Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic deposit, which is located in Lushi county Henan province, is unique for its iron-predominated ore mineralization among all the Mesozoic porphyry metallogenic systems in the southern margin of the North China Craton. Pyrite is ubiquitous in the southern and western parts of the deposit. Their EMPA analyses indicated the contents of S and Fe are more than 90% in total, the contents of Cu and As of the pyrites vary considerably even within the same grain. The abrupt change suggests mixing of ore-forming fluid and upward magmatic vapors from the same magmatic-hydrothermal system is the major force to induce pyrite deposition. That As exist in two valence states, As3+ and As1-, revealed that the Babaoshan pyrite-forming fluid was oxidative originally and changed to be reductive subsequently. The oxygen fugacity fluctuation is a positive factor to the formation of the Babaoshan porphyry copper deposit. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

中国的温室气体排放、减排措施与对策*

根据《中华人民共和国气候变化初始国家信息通报》,1994年中国温室气体排放总量约为3650×10⁶t的CO₂当量,其中CO₂,CH₄和N₂O分别占73.1 ％ ,19.7 ％ 和7.2 ％ 。CO₂排放主要来自能源活动,CH₄排放主要来自农业活动和能源活动,N₂O排放主要来自农业活动。在过去的20余年里,中国为减缓全球温室气体排放的增长速度做出了重要的贡献。对文献资料和大量研究结果的分析表明,中国可通过采取相关措施和制订相应政策进一步减少温室气体的排放。减少CO₂排放的主要措施和对策包括:调整能源结构(降低煤炭消费比例、适度提高天然气比例和发展核能);提高能源生产、转化、分配和使用过程中的效率;开发利用水能、风能、太阳能和生物能等可再生能源;通过植树造林,推广秸秆还田、平衡施肥和少(免)耕等增加陆地生态系统的碳吸收。减少CH₄排放的主要措施和对策包括:回收利用煤层气;改造生活垃圾填埋场地和筛选环境适应性强的CH₄氧化菌并接种于填埋场;改善反刍动物的营养成分;稻田合理灌溉、提高水稻的收获指数、选育和种植CH₄排放低的水稻品种等。减少农田N₂O排放的主要措施和对策包括:提高氮肥利用率;推广施用长效肥和控释肥;施用生物抑制剂和实施微生物工程等。     

A technique for the reduction of dynamic degrees of freedom

This paper presents a variation on the component mode technique for the dynamic substructuring of large‐scale structural analysis of building and bridge frames. The principal innovation of the proposed method of dynamic reduction is that the resulting mass matrix of the reduced substructures remains diagonal. As in the component mode technique, the reduction is accomplished by transforming the degrees of freedom in the substructure using boundary shapes and internal shapes. The diagonal mass matrix is achieved by orthogonalization of the boundary shapes to the internal shapes, and a selective row‐by‐row summation of the mass matrix into the diagonal entry (where off‐diagonal terms are unavoidable). To aid in recovering the accuracy of the rigid‐body inertias that is lost in the diagonalization process, additional pseudo‐rigid‐body‐mode shapes are proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CGCS2000板块运动模型建立方法研究

使用国家级CORS站数据,建立了CGCS2000板块运动模型,该模型可以提供高精度的速度场,实现2000历元至当前历元的点位的归算。     

硫酸盐对磁赤铁矿—磁铁矿厌氧转化过程的影响

磁赤铁矿可以在厌氧微生物作用下固相转化为磁铁矿,这种转化过程具有重要的矿物学及环境磁学意义。文章通过开展硫酸盐还原菌（SRB） —磁赤铁矿交互作用实验,重点探讨了SRB 活性对磁赤铁矿—磁铁矿固相转化速率的影响。在31 d 培养期内,SO₄^2-+SRB+磁赤铁矿体系中SRB 的生长导致16.7%的SO₄^2-转化为酸可挥发性硫（AVS）,部分还原释放的Fe（II） 与AVS 反应生成单硫化物、双硫化物和多硫化物,同时铁氧化物因溶解作用粒径减小;在无SO₄^2-的SRB+磁赤铁矿体系中, SRB 还原产生的Fe （II） 主要存在于铁氧化物中,没有次生沉淀产生。X 射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱分析结果表明在SRB 作用下纳米磁赤铁矿逐渐向磁铁矿转化,加入SO₄^2-时转化速率加快,与矿物接触的SRB 菌体的数量及其向磁赤铁矿传递电子的能力均得到了增强。在天然或人工厌氧条件下,SO₄^2-是制约磁赤铁矿向磁铁矿转化的重要因素。     

贵州省暴雨灾害分区预警业务实施探索

从贵州省暴雨灾害时空分布特点、暴雨灾害防御需求和预警发布业务发展规划,分析了在贵州省开展暴雨分区预警业务的必要性。通过分析中国暴雨分区预警业务发展现状,结合贵州省预警发布业务现状和国家突发事件预警信息发布能力提升工程（一期）建设内容,从基础数据准备、业务规范设计、系统建设、预警传播优化四个方面,探讨如何解决开展暴雨分区预警业务的技术短板,全面提升预警精细化发布能力,建立符合贵州省气象防灾减灾需求的暴雨分区预警业务体系。     

Deep pore water profiles reflect enhanced microbial activity towards tidal flat margins

Microbial activity in permeable tidal flat margin sediments is enhanced by two main processes. First, organic matter is supplied by rapid sedimentation at prograding tidal flat margins. Second, surface and deep pore water advection lead to a replenishment of the dissolved organic matter and sulfate pools. Increasing microbial activity towards the low water line is reflected in sulfate and methane profiles as well as in total cell numbers, sulfate reduction rates, and remineralization products. The impact of high sedimentation rates on pore water biogeochemistry is confirmed by inverse modeling reproducing the depth profiles obtained by measurements. In central parts of the tidal flats, low sedimentation rates and pore water flow velocities limit microbial activity despite the high availability of electron acceptors for microbial respiration such as sulfate. Therefore, tidal flat margins with high microbial activity are of special importance for budgeting biogeochemical cycling in tidal flat areas.