道路边桩自动绘制算法实现及应用

道路边桩是用来控制道路宽度的一个道路要素,边桩分为道路征地红线边桩和实际道路设计宽度边桩.在内业处理过程中需要将这些边桩及其相关的边桩距离、中桩绘制在设计图上.为了将这些数据按照成果提交要求快速准确绘制,本文提出了一套绘制算法,并鉴于设计数据格式为AutoCAD格式,利用ObjectArx组件技术对算法编程实现,实现了...     

矩形线圈自感的精确表达式

矩形线圈的自感公式在电气工程、电工电子技术,以及应用地球物理学等领域均有普遍的应用。由于自感计算的复杂性,目前使用的矩形线圈自感公式均为近似计算公式。这里推导了圆截面单匝矩形线圈自感的精确表达式,以及正方形单匝线圈自感的近似公式。目前使用的单匝矩形线圈自感近似公式与这里推导的精确公式相比,均存在很大误差：当正方形线圈边长从1m到5m时,电气工程工具书和电工电子工具书中的自感公式误差为3．06％到2．38％。使用瞬变电磁法勘探中常用的自感公式,当正方形回线边长为5m时,误差最小为-41．17％,最大为228．25％;当回线边长为200m时,误差最小为-59．75％,最大为212．49％。     

双排抗滑桩中单桩侧向承载实验

通过室内模型实验,研究有无联系梁、联系梁厚度以及排间距对抗滑桩抗滑性能的影响.双排桩组合有联系梁时的抗滑承载力超出无联系梁的40％;联系梁强度能满足变形要求时,其厚度或刚度的增加对加强抗滑性能的作用不大;排间距较小的支护结构侧向承载力较大.     

树根桩在厂房扩建工程地基处理中的应用

在苏南某工业厂房扩建工程中,为了妥善解决新旧熔炉区的不均匀沉降,通过多方案的比选,最终采用树根桩托换技术进行地基加固。并且对新旧熔炉区的基础进行了化学植筋连接和防渗漏处理。     

双排桩-锚杆支护的有限元模拟

基坑支护模型往往在计算假定的基础上建立,而依据计算假定建立的模型往往不能得到和实际相符的结果。但有限元软件可以较为真实的模拟基坑开挖的过程中应力和位移的变化情况,是土工数值分析的重要手段。本文运用大型有限元软件ABAQUS建立双排桩-锚杆结构有限元模型,全面的考虑土体的特性、桩土的共同作用及桩间土对支护结构的影响等因素,分析支护结构在土体开挖荷载作用下的内力和变形,为设计和施工提供了参考。     

某炭素厂煅烧车间地基基础加固

因填土含水量升高引起地基基础湿陷下沉,炭素回转窑钢管弯曲影响生产线正常运行。采用水泥水玻璃浆液,利用斜孔在沉灰室基础中线填土部位进行分层注浆;采用超过原桩长的扩底灌注桩对回转窑支架基础进行加固。阻止了地基基础进一步下沉,加固后回转窑至今运行良好。     

Accuracy and reliability-based region-specific recalibration of dynamic pile formulas

Many state departments of transportation and consulting firms continue to use dynamic formulas because they are simple and inexpensive as compared to the preferred dynamic loading test with signal matching. Efforts to reduce the error and uncertainty associated with dynamic formulas are therefore warranted until dynamic monitoring becomes standard for every driven pile. However, dynamic formulas calibrated to national test pile databases have indicated inaccuracy and high uncertainty in the capacity prediction using dynamic formulas. A region-specific dynamic load test database was used to assess the accuracy and uncertainty in the Janbu, Danish and FHWA Gates formulas, recalibrate the equations for local conditions (construction practice, geology) and to generate resistance factors for use with Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Following recalibration, the capacity predictions became more accurate, and an observed dependence of the accuracy on the magnitude of resistance was eliminated for most driving conditions (e.g. end-of-driving, restrike). Previously reported static load test data were used to incorporate the transformation error associated with using the dynamic capacity to predict an equivalent static capacity. Resistance factors for use in Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) were developed in consideration of American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials–recommended load statistics and target reliability indices. Efficiency factors were used to assess the economic performance of each dynamic formula. Comparison of the accuracy and uncertainty of the recalibrated equations to a nationwide calibration illustrated the advantage of using a geologic-specific database for the calibration of resistance factors.     

Buckling behaviour of single pile and pile bent in the Scotch Road Bridge

The buckling behaviour of the 360 × 152 steel H-piles supporting the integral abutments of the Scotch Road Bridge, located in Trenton, New Jersey, has been studied for the cases of single pile and pile bent. Three-dimensional finite-element models for single pile and pile bent have been developed to study the behaviour of these fully embedded piles under axial and lateral loading. An iterative analysis based on extracting the eigenvalues and eigenvectors (mode shapes) that correspond to the pile(s) critical buckling loads has been adopted. The pile(s) and the surrounding sand were modelled using solid continuum elements in the finite-element model. Material non-linearity is accounted for in both the piles and the soil in the base state of the model. A parametric study has been utilized to determine the effect of the geometric and material properties of the pile and the surrounding sand on the predicted critical buckling loads of the piles. The effects of four parameters have been studied: soil stiffness, pile length, type of connection, and combining vertical and lateral loads. The results from the parametric study showed that the variation of the percentage change in the sand stiffness, pile length, and combining vertical and lateral loads with the critical buckling loads of the 360 × 152 H-piles is nonlinear. Furthermore, the parameters studied are more influential in affecting the critical buckling load of a single pile than a pile bent, with the exception of the ‘type of connection’ parameter.     

Evaluation of pile foundation response to lateral spreading

The effects of liquefaction on deep foundations are very damaging and costly, and they keep recurring in many earthquakes. The first part of the paper reviews the field experience of deep foundations affected by liquefaction during earthquakes in the last few decades, as well as the main lessons learned. The second part of the paper presents results of physical modeling of deep foundations in the presence of liquefaction conducted by the authors and others at the 100g-ton RPI centrifuge. In the last decade centrifuge modeling has been identified as a key tool to identify and quantify mechanisms, calibrate analyses and evaluate retrofitting strategies for pile foundations. Results are presented of centrifuge models of instrumented pile foundations subjected to lateral spreading, including single pile and pile groups, 2- and 3-layer soil profiles, mass and stiffening elements above ground to incorporate the effect of the superstructure, and evaluation of proposed retrofitting strategies. Interpretations of these centrifuge experiments and their relation to field observations and soil properties.     

考虑桩底沉渣的灌注桩可靠度分析方法

基桩的完整性检测不一定都能够检测到基桩中的缺陷,这些缺陷将会影响到基桩的安全性。为此,提出了考虑基桩可能出现缺陷时的基桩可靠度分析方法。以单桩桩底可能出现的沉渣缺陷为例,采用全概率理论将完整桩的失效概率和桩底含有沉渣的桩的失效概率有机地结合起来,得到了单桩的失效概率。采用基桩承载力折减系数来定量地考虑沉渣对基桩承载力的影响,并进一步推导了桩底含沉渣的基桩承载力偏差系数和变异系数的计算公式。算例分析表明,所提方法能够定量地反映基桩中可能出现的沉渣对基桩可靠度的影响。桩底沉渣对桩的可靠指标具有明显的不利影响。随着沉渣厚度和桩的直径的增加,桩底含有沉渣的桩的可靠指标逐渐减小;桩的可靠指标随着桩长的增加逐渐增大。如果不考虑桩可能出现沉渣的质量问题,基桩的安全性将明显地被高估。基桩的完整性检测可以有效地提高基桩的安全性。