泥化弱胶结软岩地层中矩形巷道的变形破坏过程分析

在西部地区,一定数量的矿区处于泥化弱胶结软岩地层,此类软岩胶结性差、强度低、遇水泥化。矩形是采区巷道的常用型式,但其断面受力不均、稳定性差。在上述软岩地层中的矩形巷道承载力低、变形量大、变形持续时间长,给煤矿的安全生产带来极大困难。以内蒙古新上海一号煤矿皮带顺槽矩形巷道为背景,运用FLAC3D软件中的Cvisc黏弹塑性模型,对矩形巷道的变形破坏进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与现场监测结果对比分析。结果表明:巷道开挖支护后,受断面形状影响,矩形巷道四角出现压应力集中和顶板受拉区,巷道顶板下沉量大,底板底臌严重,两帮向巷道挤出;受围岩岩性影响,围岩进入塑性的时间快短、范围大,塑性区超出了支护体的作用范围,造成锚杆(索)的锚固效果难以完全发挥,围岩出现整体滑动的现象;巷道变形呈现出流变变形的特性,变形量随时间持续增加,持续的蠕变变形超出了支护体的可控范围,最终引起巷道的失稳破坏。     

超浅覆土大断面矩形顶管近距离双线施工地表沉降规律及加固效果评价

矩形顶管施工过程中会对周围土体造成扰动,引起地表产生竖向变形。为研究超浅覆土顶管施工过程中的地表沉降规律,以深圳市某下穿道路矩形顶管工程为背景,使用PLAXIS 3D软件对顶管双线施工进行有限元模拟。首先将模拟结果与实测结果对比以验证模拟结果的合理性,然后分析双线施工地表沉降变化规律,最后对现场加固措施进行评价。主要结论如下：未加固时顶管顶进过程中,最大沉降量位于始发端,最大隆起量位于接收端;加固后地表沉降最大值点及沉降最大值均发生了改变：加固后地表最大沉降值点由始发井改变为顶管中部区域,最大沉降值减少了6.15 mm,表明现场加固方案效果显著;未加固和加固后地表沉降纵向曲线规律基本一致,表现为三个阶段：隆起期、快速沉降期和沉降稳定期;未加固和加固后地表横向沉降槽变化情况基本一致。     

大地高误差对坐标系转换精度的影响

卫星大地测量直接获取地面点的三维坐标,解决了传统作业中平面和高程分开建网的问题。但获得的三维坐标基于全球大地坐标框架(WGS84或IRTF),不能直接应用于实际的工程项目中,需要通过椭球变换实现坐标系转换。由于基于本地坐标框架(局部椭球)的大地高较难得到,椭球变换参数只能近似求得。分析大地高误差对坐标系转换精度的影响,并用实例证实此影响在局部范围内是可以忽略的。     

拉顶结合新型矩形掘进机的研制及其应用

介绍了一种适用于微型工作井并采用拉顶式工艺施工的新型矩形掘进机的设计思路和设计方法及其主要的技术参数。新型矩形掘进机与掘进系统的拉进动力配合,解决了常规矩形顶管施工中的机头在轴线办向的倾偏及后退问题;机头采用多刀盘设计,各刀盘可以实现正反转,且转速可任意调节,有效降低了机头的偏转;而采用了辅助的纠偏装置,使新型掘进机在只有顶进动力的情况下也能实现正常的顶进施工。对在复杂环境条件下,改造、提升原有的掘进机性能具有重要的参考意义。     

Approximate calculation of oblique wave transmission from a single-row of rectangular piles

Transmissions of oblique incident wave from a row of rectangular piles are analyzed theoretically. The incident angle of plane wave is taken as , there then is the transmission coefficient (This is a paradox). In this paper, by means of the approximate relation between the transmitted and incident wave angle found from the shape of a slit, the paradoxical phenomenon is removed. On the basis of the continuality of the pressure and flux and the analysis of flow resistance at the row of rectangular piles, formulas of reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained. The transmission and reflection coefficients predicted by the present model quite agree with those of laboratory experiments in previous references     

Effects of perforated baffle on reducing sloshing in rectangular tank: Experimental and numerical study

A liquid sloshing experimental rig driven by a wave-maker is designed and built to study liquid sloshing problems in a rectangular liquid tank with perforated baffle. A series of experiments are conducted in this experimental rig to estimate the free surface fluctuation and pressure distribution by changing external excitation frequency of the shaking table. An in-house CFD code is also used in this study to simulate the liquid sloshing in three-dimensional （3D） rectangular tank with perforated baffle. Good agreements of free surface elevation and pressure between the numerical results and the experimental data are obtained and presented. Spectral analysis of the time history of free surface elevation is conducted by using the fast Fourier transformation.     

竖向荷载下矩形闭合地下连续墙桥梁基础群墙效应研究

矩形闭合地下连续墙基础（简称闭合墙基础）是一种新型的桥梁基础。通过室内模型试验,对闭合墙基础的群墙效率、沉降比等进行了研究,同时探讨了闭合墙墙间距（即内侧边长）对群墙效应的影响。试验中采用了2组不同截面尺寸的模型墙,其中A组模型墙边长小于B组模型墙,墙厚和墙高均相同。试验研究表明,闭合墙与单片墙在相同沉降下的荷载比一般都大于1,B组闭合墙荷载比和群墙效率均大于A组闭合墙;闭合墙与单片墙在相同墙顶应力下的位移比和沉降比基本都大于1,A组闭合墙位移比大于B组闭合墙。在保持墙厚和墙高不变的情况下,适当增大闭合墙基础的内侧边长可以有效地提高群墙效率和承载性能,从而获得更好的经济效益。     

CL系统扫描长方体构件的投影计算机仿真

x射线投影计算机仿真可以排除实际x射线断层扫描过程中的随机因素,更好地验证扫描方式、图像重建方法等的正确性,为实际系统的实现、完善以及重建算法的改进等提供理论依据。本文基于一种典型的计算机分层成像（CL）系统,针对电子线路板大多为长方体薄板的事实,研究了长方体构件的投影仿真计算方法;设计了仿真芯片模体,对其进行投影计算机仿真;并与系统实验结果对比,得到了较为满意的结果。该方法为后续改进图像重建算法、分析误差来源、校正伪影等研究提供了良好的基础。     

Seismic performance of an existing bridge with scoured caisson foundation

A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal support.The center of mass of the body is considered as eccentric with respect to its geometric center.As seismic input,three Italian recorded accelerograms,with different spectral content,are used.The study is mainly conducted to highlight the differences between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks,with the aim to understand if,in some cases,the use of the 3D model of rigid block is required to obtain safer results.In fact,the outcomes show that in some ranges of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that characterize the excitation and the body,a two-dimensional model,which is not able to consider the 3D rocking on a vertex,can provide unsafe results.In particular,it is found that the overturning process of the three-dimensional block can occur under excitations which are lower than those which overturn a corresponding two-dimensional block.     

不同卸荷速率下矩形巷道变形及声发射特性试验研究

为研究矩形巷道在不同开挖卸荷速率条件下的变形规律和声发射特性,使用水泥砂浆矩形巷道围岩试件进行快、慢速开挖卸荷试验,得到顶板、隅角、帮部围岩的应变特征和声发射(AE)撞击计数、能量、频谱的演化特点。试验结果表明:(1)快速卸荷,应变释放率高,卸荷后变形不稳定;而慢速卸荷,围岩应力充分调整,有利于应变的充分释放,卸荷后变形相对稳定。(2)矩形巷道的快、慢速卸荷,均以顶板和帮部围岩的径向受拉、隅角围岩的切向受压变形为主;随围岩深度增加,卸荷效应的影响逐渐减弱。(3)两种卸荷速率的AE撞击计数和能量演化特征与应变特性形成良好对应,揭示了围岩内部裂隙与损伤随开挖卸荷的发展过程;峰值频率区段变宽和高幅值信号的峰值频率在某一频段增多的现象可看作围岩发生主破裂的前兆信息。(4)快速卸荷,顶板和帮部周边产生大块剥落现象;而慢速卸荷,顶板和帮部周边每隔一段距离产生垂直于隅角的贯通裂缝,碎胀现象明显但未脱落;两者的隅角围岩破坏程度均较小。