基于ACCESS VBA的坐标转换程序设计

随着空间定位技术的普及,不同空间直角坐标系间的转换过程中经常遇到问题不易被解决。本文首先介绍了不同空间直角坐标系间转换时广泛使用的布尔沙转换模型并阐述了七参数求解的过程,然后结合ACCESS中的表、窗体和宏,利用VBA实现了基于布尔沙转换模型的七参数计算程序,并结合实例对所编写的程序加以验证,保证其结果的可靠性。     

复杂环境中的地下暗埋箱涵拉顶式施工技术与应用

结合上海轨道交通2号线东延伸段工程张江高科站工程实例,详细介绍了地下暗埋箱涵拉顶式施工新技术,该技术具有可在工作面积狭小的环境条件下施工、施工对环境影响较小、导向精度高等优点,其工艺是现代顶管施工技术的一种创新和补充,是非开挖地下箱涵施工的一种新的技术手段,为复杂环境下的地下空间开发利用提出了新的解决方案。     

瞬变电磁法矩形线圈自感的精确表达式

在瞬变电磁法(TEM)中,矩形线圈的自感参数主要用于局部导体晚期瞬变电磁场的等效计算和接收线圈固有过渡过程计算以及瞬变电磁仪器研制。目前,在瞬变电磁法教科书中,单匝矩形线圈自感计算公式都是近似的。本文通过积分方法,推导出了长方形及正方形单匝线圈自感的精确表达式以及正方形单匝线圈自感的近似计算公式。经计算,目前使用的近似公式与精确公式相比误差很大,当回线边长为5m时,误差最小为-39.2%,最大为238.85%;当回线边长为200m时,误差最小为-58.87%,最大为219.33%。本文推导的单匝正方形线圈自感近似公式与精确公式相比误差很小,当回线边长为5m时,误差为0.4%;当回线边长200m时,误差为0.26%。     

Sea surface temperatures at tide gauges: Case study of San Francisco,California, from 1855 to 1993

Tide gauge observations usually include temperature and density measurements. As an example of such data, a time series of sea surface temperature (SST) from 1855 to 1877 and from 1921 to 1993 at Fort Point, San Francisco, California (the longest U.S. record), and mean air temperature at Mission Dolores (San Francisco), California, from 1936 to 1990, were analyzed. Annual mean Fort Point SST increased at a rate of 0.3°C per century, but the coefficient of determination (r²) was below 0.06; for air temperature the results were 1.6°C per century and r² = 0.16 respectively. Evidence of El Niño were found in the periodogram of the mean annual SST but not in the air temperature. The annual and semiannual peaks in the monthly time‐series analysis of SST and air temperature dominate their periodograms, and the cross‐correlation between them has r² = 0.47. Of the 1.3 mmlyr sea level rise over the same time period. 0.003°C/yr accounts for 0.04 mmlyr in thermal expansion if the upper 100 m of the water column were uniformly warmed.     

Diffraction of oblique waves by thick rectangular barriers

A complete analytical solution is presented for the linear diffraction of oblique waves by horizontal rectangular cylinders either fixed at the free surface or mounted on the sea bed in a finite-depth of water. Helmholtz equation is employed as the governing differential equation obtained by reducing the 3-D oblique wave scattering problem to a 2-D case. According to the method proposed, the fluid region is divided into three sub-regions in which the governing differential equation is solved by the separation of variables. The solutions for each region are then matched on the common boundaries of sub-regions to determine the unknowns of the eigen series expansions and Fourier series. Thus transmitted and reflected waves are obtained in the far-field, and forces and moments acting on the rectangular cylinder fixed at the free surface are also given. Comparisons are made in order to check the accuracy of the method.     

Analyses on gravity variation before and after the Lijiang earthquake based on a finite rectangular dislocation model

The methods were discussed to calculate the gravity variation due to crustal deformation based on a model of dis-location on a finite rectangular plane.Taking the Lijiang Ms=7.0 earthquake as an example the calculating princi-ple of fault parameters were determined,and the results were given.Of particular interests were the characteristics of the gravity variations in different dislocation types.With comparison between the calculated results and the practical measurements,it was found that the model could to some extent account for the observations.But it failed to give explanations to the more far spatial gravity variation.     

Non‐linear response analyses of rectangular rigid bodies subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion

This investigation deals with non‐linear seismic responses of free‐standing rectangular rigid bodies on horizontally and vertically accelerating rigid foundations. The responses are classified into two initial responses and four subsequent responses, accordingly the equations of motion governing the liftoff, slip and liftoff–slip interaction motions and boundary conditions corresponding to commencement and termination of the motions are defined. The time histories of responses presented herein show that the body is sensitive to small changes in the friction coefficient and slenderness, and to the wave properties and intensity of ground motions. Systematic trends are observed: the bodies on the low‐grip foundation avoid overturning while they are allowed to slip regardless of details of ground motions; the long period earthquakes tend to make the body overturn and slip largely. In contrast, the timing when liftoff and slip commences and terminates and their directions do not directly correspond with intensity of ground motions. Moreover, the vertical ground motion adds irregularities on the responses, since it excites or damps the responses. It is concluded that governing equations of motion and boundary conditions in view of discontinuous non‐linear systems are necessary to analyse actual motions of the rectangular rigid bodies subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

清代方测雨器、方蒸发器由来考

本文前半部介绍我国清乾隆年间戴源所记方测雨器、方蒸发器的构造和作用,并对比介绍欧美方测雨器及方蒸发器的沿革。后半部主要探讨这些仪器外形方圆变化的原因。并对戴源仪器本身及《测圆图解》进行分析,进而证明这种仪器并非我国自创,却系耶稣会传教士由巴黎传入中国。但在我国气象仪器史中有着重要意义。     

Research on geomagnetic tectonic characteristics of the crust in Haicheng seismic area

In this paper, the two metnods, rectangular spectrum (RS) and maximum entropy power spectrum (MES), have been used in calculating the geomagnetic structures of the crust in Haicheng and its adjacent areas and carrying out the geomagnetic stratification of the crust. The result of the research indicates that the crust can be devided into such three layers as nonmagnetic layer, magnetic layer and regressive magnetic layer from the top to the bottom. It is also found the distribution of the geomagnetic bottom interface (Curie surface) is consistent with the lower interface of the upper crust and the top interface of the middle crust of the velocity structure of the crust. It is very interesting that the Haicheng earthquake of Feb. 4, 1975,M 7.3 occurred at the depth gradient belt of the Curie isotherm surface. So, to research on the geomagnetic layers and the distribution characteristics of the Curie isotherm surface is meaningful in judging potential seismic foci. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 448–454, 1993. The data of velocity and electricity materials used in this paper are as reference from the related materials of the maps and directions etc. of Donggou-Haicheng-Dong Ujimqin Qi Geoscience Transect by Prof. Zao-Xun LU, Huai-Kuan XIA and others.