区域土壤地震液化预测简化方法

利用可大范围获取的空间参数给出区域土壤液化的评估方法,可预估震前各地区土壤液化可能性,可快速评估震后震区土壤液化情况,对预防减轻地震灾害以及地震快速响应救援都具有重要意义的.本文以我国1976唐山大地震液化调查资料为背景,提出了区域土壤液化预测的四参数简化评估方法,并用2011年新西兰基督城地震进行了检验.选取场地平均剪切波速V s30、复合地形指数CTI、场地到河流的距离DR以及地面峰值加速度PGA,分别代表土壤密实程度、饱水状态、地质年代和遭遇的地震作用大小,并基于我国唐山地震液化区域调查资料生成的样本,运用经典二元Logistic回归方法,建立了区域土壤液化预测模型和评估公式,回归检验结果良好,整体回判成功率为77%,非液化和液化区域成功率分别为73%和78%.将公式应用于评估2011年新西兰基督城地震液化情况,区域液化和非液化成功率分别为82%和88%,总体成功率为84%.以上结果表明本文模型可靠,方法正确,可用于区域土壤液化震前预估以及土壤液化震后快速评估.     

Earthquake detection in the Jiangsu region,China using graphics-processing-unit-based Match & Locate and rapid earthquake association and location*

Earthquake detection and location are essential in earthquake studies, which generally consists of two main classes: waveform-based and pick-based methods. To evaluate the ability of two different methods, a graphics-processing-unit-based Match & Locate (GPU-M&L) method and a rapid earthquake association and location (REAL) method are applied to continuous seismic data recorded by 24 digital seismic stations from Jiangsu Seismic Network during 2013 for comparison. GPU-M&L is one of waveform-based methods by waveform cross-correlations while REAL is one of pick-based method to associate arrivals of different seismic phases and locate events through counting the number of P and S picks and travel time residuals. Twenty-six templates are selected from the Jiangsu Seismic Network local catalog by using the GPU-M&L. The number of newly detected and located events is about 2.8 times more than those listed in the local catalog. We both utilize a deep-neural-network-based arrival-time picking method called PhaseNet and a short-term/long-term average (STA/LTA) trigger algorithm for seismic phase detection and picking by applying the REAL. We then refine seismic locations using a least-squares location method (VELEST) and a high-precision relative location method (hypoDD). By applying STA/LTA and PhaseNet, 1006 and 1893 events are associated and located, respectively. The newly detected events are mainly clustered and show steeply dipping fault planes. By analyzing the performance of these methods based on long-term continuous seismic data, the detected catalogs by the GPU-M&L and REAL show that the magnitudes of completeness are 1.4 and 0.8, respectively, which are smaller than 2.6 given by the local catalog. Although REAL provides improvement compared with GPU-M&L, REAL is highly dependent on phase detection and picking which is strongly affected by signal-noise ratio (SNR). Stations at southeast of the study region with low SNR may lead to few detections in the same area.     

Impact of rapid urbanization on the modern sedimentary environments in a semienclosed embayment: Tong’an Bay,southeast China coast

Tong’an Bay (TAB) is a semienclosed embayment in the north of Xiamen Island. The sea area of TAB was mainly used for aquaculture in enclosed areas before 2003. Since 2003, the districts surrounding TAB have been undergoing a rapid urbanization process, and the scale of land used for urban construction in these districts has been continuously increasing. Under the backdrop of rapid urbanization, the coastline of TAB has largely been transformed into an artificial coastline. Due to the large scale of land reclamation and, dredging activities and the opening of the Gaoqi-Jimei (GJ) Seawall, there have been relatively significant changes in the coastal and submarine geomorphology in central northern, western, and southern TAB and Wuyuan Bay as well as a significant increase in the area where artificial submarine geomorphologies are distributed; the number of surface sediment types in the TAB has increased, and sediments in the sea area surrounding engineering projects have been coarsening; the sediment transport pattern has not significantly changed at the mouth of TAB and in central northern TAB, but the suspended sediment transport direction near the GJ Seawall has changed to a certain extent.     

地磁室内定位技术研究

基于指纹库进行室内定位,传统的数据采集方式为单点采集,这种采集方式既费时又费力,又不利于数据的更新。本文针对地磁数据的特征,提出一种指纹快速采集方法,借助克里金插值算法快速建立地磁数字基准图,并利用动态时间规整算法实现快速定位。通过试验测试和数据分析,快速采集方式的定位精度能够满足用户的位置服务需求,具有较高的实用价值。     

阿尔金断裂带8Ma左右的快速走滑及其地质意义

阿尔金断裂带的走滑变形历史与青藏高原的抬升、变形密切相关。阿尔金断裂中段旁侧岩体中磷灰石的裂变径迹测试年龄结果集中在 8Ma±。区域资料显示 ,沿阿尔金主断裂带旁侧普遍存在 8Ma±的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄。为此推测 ,阿尔金断裂带在 8Ma±经历了一期快速的走滑变形事件。结合青藏高原抬升、变形研究资料 ,表明 8Ma±是青藏高原抬升、变形等重要构造事件的发生时间。     

利用农村地籍调查成果更新地理信息公共平台居民地方法研究

省级地理信息公共服务平台数据的快速更新是困扰测绘生产单位的难题,通过试验利用同期完成的大比例尺农村地籍调查成果具有现势性强、精度高的优势,找准该数据用于DLG更新的切入点,对农村地籍要素进行分类与提取,基于自动综合更新技术模式,完成同期城乡数据的衔接及整合,实现行政区划单元范围1∶10 000DLG居民地要素快速更新,为以后省级地理信息公共服务平台数据的快速更新提供新思路。     

快速光响应曲线的优化及在底栖甲藻光适应特性研究中的应用

利用快速光响应曲线(RLCs)技术研究了不同光背景下的底栖甲藻Cooliatropicalis的光合作用特性,比较了RLCs的不同序列(正序、反序和非序)和不同光照时间(10, 30和60 s)对光合参数的影响。结果表明:正序RLCs由于序列内非光化学淬灭(NPQ)的快速累积,造成曲线的不饱以及光合参数最大相对电子传递速率(rETRmax)和半饱和光强(Ek)的高估。反序和非序RLCs均出现光饱和或光抑制,步长30s和60s的光合参数在不同光背景下的趋势基本一致。在底栖甲藻的光合生理研究中,可考虑采用步长30 s的反序RLCs进行测定。     

沼泽红假单胞菌快速批量培养的初步研究

根据沼泽红假单胞菌的生物特性,采用5L透明聚乙烯薄膜袋作为扩培容器,按体积比2%、4%、6%、8%和10%接种,5个试验组,每组3个重复,进行扩大培养试验,每隔24h对培养液进行吸光值和活菌数量的全程跟踪检测,为检验其纯度进行了杂菌含量平板培养检测。试验结果表明:活菌数量在120h后生长达到峰值。本试验最适接种量为8.4474%,接种量6%以上才能保证菌种的纯度和活菌的数量,在实践中可适当增加接种量以达到快速培养的目的。本试验为沼泽红假单胞菌大规模快速培养提供了参考依据。     

地铁隧道结构机器视觉检测系统及应用分析

本文使用一种地铁隧道快速机器视觉检测系统,该系统采用深度学习算法,有效识别了采集图像中的病害特征。其软件平台能够方便隧道管理者实时查看和跟踪隧道病害信息。该检测系统应用于南宁地铁的检测,取得了较好的检测效果,能精确地识别隧道的裂缝、剥落和渗漏等病害,并从图像效果、定位精度、检测效率、识别率和检测精度4个方面与人工检测方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,该系统的图像采集效果显著优于人工方法;检测速度可达30 km/h;识别裂缝、剥落和渗漏的识别精度分别可达89%、100%和94%;能够识别面积为100 mm²的表面缺陷和裂缝宽度>0.2 mm的裂缝。     

养殖刺参腐皮综合征两种致病菌Dot-ELISA快速检测

以养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)腐皮综合征两种主要致病原灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)和假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens)为抗原,分别制备兔抗血清,建立了两种病原菌的点酶ELISA(Dot-ELISA)检测方法。根据方正试验,确定检测用一抗、二抗最佳工作稀释度:灿烂弧菌抗血清稀释度320,酶标二抗稀释度3 000;假交替单胞菌抗血清稀释度160,酶标二抗稀释度2 000。阻断试验结果表明两种抗血清特异性均较高。灿烂弧菌抗血清在稀释度为40时与溶藻胶弧菌、河流弧菌、创伤弧菌等弧菌发生微弱交叉反应,提高稀释度到160时,不发生交叉反应。假交替单胞菌抗血清基本不与常见海水致病弧菌发生交叉反应。人工感染试验检测结果表明该方法能从患病海参溃烂组织、未发病海参组织和感染水体检测到相应致病菌,检测灵敏度为9.4×103个/mL。人工感染试验检测结果经直接凝集反应验证。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,不需复杂仪器设备,适合在基层推广。