基于网格的三维地质体建模方法研究

在充分研究了水电工程现有数据的基础上,根据水电工程数据的分布特点,提出了基于网格分块的三维地质体建模方法。并根据地表数据和地质数据的不同,分别提出了基于等高线切割的地表数据分块算法以及基于钻孔数据分布特点的地质数据分块算法,进一步利用边界缝合方法解决了分块引起的裂缝问题。在建立好三维地质体模型的基础上,根据网格分块的特点针对性的提出了基于网格分块的快速开挖算法。并分析了网格分块建立的地质模型比传统的地质模型的优势。通过西南某水电枢纽工程实例,检验了网格分块地质体建模的正确性和可行性。     

提高大震速报工作质量的几项建议

结合2009年1月1日起正式执行的《国家速报台站大地震速报评比标准》的要求,对太原基准地震台2009年速报工作中存在的主要问题进行了总结分析,对如何改进工作,有效提高速报质量,提出了改进措施。     

宽频带数字地震记录在大震速报中的应用

通过对乌鲁木齐地震台宽频带数字地震仪记录的具有代表性、典型性的地震波形震相分析,展示乌鲁木齐地震台宽频带数字地震仪记录波形震相特征,找出快速判定震相的方法,进一步提高大震速报质量。     

基于手机短信的地震灾情速报系统

基于手机短信的地震灾情速报平台,是尽可能利用现有的移动通信网络和基层单位覆盖面齐全的特点快捷完成灾情收集。在全省范围内的每个乡镇培训出3~5名手机短信灾情速报员,在破坏性地震发生时,省局应急指挥中心迅速给这些人员发送灾情收集指令,灾区的速报员按照所收到短信的提示逐步展开排查确定灾害等级,然后将灾情等级代码反馈给省级地震应急指挥中心,灾情速报平台自动处理收集的短信,最后按灾区的受灾轻重程度在地图上表示出来。     

Phosphorus Buildup and Release Risk Associated with Agricultural Intensification in the Estuarine Sediments of Chaohu Lake Valley,Eastern China

Phosphorus (P) accumulation and the risk of P release were studied in the estuarine sediments of the Chaohu Lake Valley in Eastern China. Rapid agricultural intensification has occurred in this area since the 1980s, resulting in the extensive use of phosphate fertilizers. This extensive use of phosphate has affected P processes throughout the valley and resulted in the total phosphorus (TP) contents in the substrates and surface sediments increasing from 374 to 537 mg/kg, on average. Of all the forms of P evaluated in this study, residual P (Res‐P) was present at the highest levels and accounted for 19.8–74.0% of the TP. Conversely, the lowest contents were observed for KCl‐extracted P (KCl‐P), which accounted for only 0.602% of the TP. Additionally, aluminum/iron‐bound P (NaOH‐Pi), which accounted for 16.0–53.1% of the TP, was an important factor that caused the TP to increase due to long‐term P fertilization. However, calcium‐bound P (Ca‐P) was maintained at a relatively stable level. Furthermore, the degree of P saturation (DPS) and the P‐induced lake eutrophication risk index (ERI) were investigated to determine the risk of release of P from the sediments. The average DPS and ERI values were found to range from 3.92–21.4% and from 12.6–33.6%, respectively. These results suggest that almost half of the estuarine sediments posed a potential risk of eutrophication. Moreover, these findings indicate that estuarine sediments that have been enriched with P are likely the sources of P that lead to the formation of algal blooms in Chaohu Lake.     

汶川8.0级大地震的长波辐射征象

文中分析了汶川8.0级地震发生前, 卫星遥感射出长波辐射(OLR)信息场的中期(年)、 短期(月)和临震(日)时空分布及变化特征。 通过计算发现该地震震中区附近的OLR信息有异常增强的现象, 这种现象可作为诊断强震蕴育地区的一种指征。     

长江三角洲地区生态经济系统协调度及其预警(英文)

On the basis of Landsat TM data of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) Economic Zone in 1991, 2001 and 2008, this article, taking 90 counties in this region as study units, built spatial data transformation models, ecosystem service value (ESV) and coordination degree of eco-economic system (CDES) models. With the aid of ArcGIS9.3, mass grid and vector data has been processed for spatial analyses. ESV and CDES indexes have demonstrated the relationship between economic development and eco-environment system and its evolu-tion characteristics in the researched areas. Furthermore, the indexes have also been used for functional zoning and pattern recognition. Some results can be shown as follows. Firstly, since 1991, land use in the YRD has greatly changed: urban land area has increased primar-ily from original paddy land, dry land, grassland, garden plot and other land. Secondly, the ESV model has proved the deterioration trend of the YRD ecological system from 1991 to 2001 and slower degradation trend during 2001-2008. Also, it is illustrated that land-use conversion from water area and paddy field to urban area and dry land could cause great damage to ecosystem stabilization. Thirdly, GDP in the central and southern parts of the YRD is higher than that in the northern part since 1991. GDP growth rate in the central part is higher than that in the northern part during 1991-2001. This growth rate in the central part is also higher than that in the southern and northern parts of the YRD from 2001 to 2008. Fourthly, the YRD could be categorized into 12 types of subregions in terms of CDES index. According to its spatial characteristic of CDES index value in the study area, eco-economic conflict area with low CDES value which is located in the central part is surrounded by eco-coordinated areas with high CDES values. This illustrates a core-periphery spatial structure exists in the YRD. During 1991-2001, the CDES value implied the convergent de-terioration trend of eco-economic system in the study area; while it gradually stepped into coexistence of divergent deterioration and coordination during 2001-2008. Finally, this paper analyzed five subregions in the YRD, including initially degrading zone, initially coordinative zone, continuously degrading zone, coordination-declined zone and coordination-promoted zone, based on eco-economic coordination and evolution patterns. And these subregions can be recognized and categorized by spatial transformation model.     

无锡市地震速报信息智能发布系统的研制与应用

建设地震速报信息智能发布系统,是把EQIM速报信息共享服务系统、地震信息自动发布平台、发布子平台等实现一体化集成。系统建成后,实时获取各类地震速报结果、自动规范生成多种类型的地震信息,实现地震速报信息的规范、实时、多手段智能发布。通过扩展发布服务、对接地震信息数据,提高信息发布的及时性、准确性和多样性。     

地震应急中制约遥感应用因素分析

遥感在汶川、玉树地震中的有效应用,突出了重大自然灾害对遥感技术的需求。针对地震灾害快速评估的特殊性,详细分析了地震发生在不同的地理环境下,产生不同的地震灾害,地震应急中监测目标的不同,需要采用最佳遥感数据进行灾情判别,从而更好地得到地震灾情的分布情况;对现有遥感数据源和地震应急实际案例进行综合分析,得到遥感在地震应急中的应用现状及制约因素,制约因素主要有两点:时间分辨率和图像处理技术;最后提出了遥感技术在地震应急应用中存在的一些问题和解决的方法。