Contributions of Satellite Laser Ranging to Past and Future Radar Altimetry Missions

Satellite laser ranging (SLR) has proven avery efficient method for contributingto the tracking of altimetric satellites anddetermining accurately their orbitalthough hampered by the non-worldwide coverageand the meteorologicalconditions. Indeed, in some cases it is the onlymethod available to determinethe satellite orbit (e.g., the orbits of the ERS-1and Geosat-Follow-On missions).Moreover, any operational and non-weather dependenttechniques, like GPS,DORIS, PRARE, can exhibit systematic errors inpositioning and orbitography. Acomparison with SLR results allows to evidence sucherrors and vice versa. Fordoing that, two different approaches for determiningprecise orbits can beconsidered: one based on global orbit determination,the other on a short-arctechnique used to locally improve a global orbitdetermined by another trackingtechniques, such as DORIS or GPS. We can thusvalidate a global orbit andachieve orbit quality control to a level of2 to 3 centimeters at present and expectto achieve a level of 1 to 2 centimeters inthe near future. Errors induced bystation coordinates or by the gravity field(geographically correlated errors, forexample) can be estimated from SLR tracking data.Colocation experiments withdifferent techniques in the same geodetic siteplay also a key role to ensure preciserelationships between the geodetic referenceframes linked to each technique. Inparticular, the role of the SLR technique is tostrengthen the vertical component(including velocity) of the positioning, whichis crucial for altimetry missions.The role of SLR data in the modelling of the firstterms of the gravity field has finally to be emphasized,which is of primary importance in orbitography,whatever the tracking technique used.Another application of SLR technology is thesatellite altimeter calibration. Examples of past calibrationand future experiments are given, including theaccuracy we can expect from the Jason-1 and EnviSatspace oceanography missions.     

方向前方交会严密精度评定方法的研究

本文地针对方向前方交会精度评定中的不足之外，推导出了二测站和三测站方向前方交会同时考虑测量误差和测站点位误差时交会点严密的精度评定公式，从理论上完满地解决了方向前方交会的精度评定问题。     

非接触测量系统的布设和精度

本文介绍了非接触测量的基本原理,探讨了其布设图形与精度的关系,得出了供作业参考的几点结论。     

Geochemical and Isotopic Heterogeneities along an Island Arc-Spreading Ridge Intersection: Evidence from the Lewis Hills, Bay of Islands Ophiolite, Newfoundland

This study focuses on the origin of magma heterogeneity andthe genesis of refractory, boninite-type magmas along an arc–ridgeintersection, exposed in the Lewis Hills (Bay of Islands Ophiolite).The Lewis Hills contain the fossil fracture zone contact betweena split island arc and its related marginal oceanic basin. Threetypes of intrusions, which are closely related to this narrowtectonic boundary, have been investigated. Parental melts inequilibrium with the ultramafic cumulates of the PyroxeniteSuite are inferred to have high MgO contents and low Al₂O₃,Na₂O and TiO₂ contents. The trace element signatures of thesePyroxenite Suite parental melts indicate a re-enriched, highlydepleted source with 0·1 x mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)abundances of the heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Initial_Nd values of the Pyroxenite Suite range from -1·5 to+0·6, which overlap those observed for the island arc.Furthermore, the Pyroxenite Suite parental melts bear strongsimilarities to boninite-type equilibrium melts from islandarc-related pyroxenitic dykes and harzburgites. Basaltic dykessplit into two groups. Group I dykes have 0·6 x MORBabundances of the HREE, and initial _Nd values ranging from +5·4to +7·5. Thus, they have a strong geochemical affinitywith basalts derived from the marginal basin spreading ridge.Group II dykes have comparatively lower trace element abundances(0·3 x MORB abundances of HREE), and slightly lower initial_Nd values (+5·4 to +5·9). The geochemical characteristicsof the Group II dykes are transitional between those of GroupI dykes and the Pyroxenite Suite parental melts. Cumulates fromthe Late Intrusion Suite are similarly transitional, with _Ndvalues ranging from +2·9 to +4·6. We suggest thatthe magma heterogeneity observed in the Lewis Hills is due tothe involvement of two compositionally distinct mantle sources,which are the sub-island lithospheric mantle and the asthenosphericmarginal basin mantle. It is likely that the refractory, boninite-typeparental melts of the Pyroxenite Suite result from remeltingof the sub-arc lithospheric mantle at an arc–ridge intersection.Furthermore, it is suggested that the thermal-dynamic conditionsof the transtensional transform fault have provided the prerequisitefor generating magma heterogeneity, as a result of mixing relationshipsbetween arc-related and marginal basin-related magmas. KEY WORDS: Bay of Islands ophiolite; transform (arc)–ridge intersection; boninites; rare earth elements, Nd isotopes     

Characterisation of the seismological pattern in a slowly deforming intraplate region: Central and western France

We analyzed the seismicity of central and western France, using historical data, a compilation of all recorded earthquakes from 1962 to 2002 (4574 events, relocated), and all published focal mechanisms (119 focal solutions). The aim is to understand what are the causes of earthquakes and stress accumulation in a slowly deforming intraplate region. The distribution of earthquakes and focal mechanisms is first correlated with recognized faults, geological structures and tomographic images. Then, in order to better understand the distribution of hypocenters and seek deeper crustal sources for stress accumulation, Euler solutions are computed from the available Bouguer anomaly data. The analysis of the obtained pattern for heat flow values, provides a better understanding of the concentration of seismicity in some particular zones.Two different behaviors of this slowly deforming intraplate region are evidenced. One is linked to the presence of a hot spot under the Massif Central, the other to reactivation of the Hercynian structural heritage. Our results highlight that several possible sources for earthquake clustering can be invoked in central–western France.     

AutoCAD VBA在机场净空测量中的应用

AutoCAD已经广泛的应用在各个行业,同时也是测绘行业软件二次开发的主要平台,本文介绍了用AutoCADVBA实现机场净空测量数据的批量处理,并自动绘制交会点位图。     

航空摄影测量一体化成图的两种方法

航空摄影测量内外业一体化成图过程中,如果采用单像加DEM的方法对数字判绘成果进行纠正,在地形起伏较大的复杂地貌区域遇到了很多的问题,当DEM存在较大误差时得到的纠正成果精度不好。阐述了单像加DEM进行纠正的原理,并对成果的误差进行了分析。介绍了双像立体后交—前交解求空间坐标的方法,并对双像立体与单像加DEM两种成图方法进行比较。     

线状要素图形综合的渐进方法研究

提出了“渐进式”线状要素的２种图形综合方法：基于三角形的纯几何渐进方法和基于图形基本单元“弯曲”的渐进方法。该方法明显优于Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ综合方法,可以控制线的自交,使地图比例尺从离散式变成连续式,适用于地理信息系统。在兼顾特征点的情况下,其效果更佳。     

Instability and Diffusion in the Elliptic Restricted Three-body Problem

The importance of the stability characteristics of the planar elliptic restricted three-body problem is that they offer insight about the general dynamical mechanisms causing instability in celestial mechanics. To analyze these concerns, elliptic–elliptic and hyperbolic–elliptic resonance orbits (periodic solutions with lower period) are numerically discovered by use of Newton's differential correction method. We find indications of stability for the elliptic–elliptic resonance orbits because slightly perturbed orbits define a corresponding two-dimensional invariant manifold on the Poincaré surface-section. For the resonance orbit of the hyperbolic–elliptic type, we show numerically that its stable and unstable manifolds intersect transversally in phase-space to induce instability. Then, we find indications that there are orbits which jump from one resonance zone to the next before escaping to infinity. This phenomenon is related to the so-called Arnold diffusion. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

郯庐古岛弧构造系与金矿成矿的关系

本文从郯庐断裂带整体地质构造特征出发，应用板块构造理论和遥感技术、地质调查、物化探等综合研究方法，初步提出郯庐断裂带应归属于东亚大陆古岛孤－新裂谷式巨型构造系统，它与现代西太平洋岛弧具有“相对应性”及“等结性”控制金矿成矿集中区的新认识，并据此探索和总结了金矿（含其他矿产）的成矿规律，为寻找“招掖”式金矿进行成矿前景预测。