Integrated Geophysical Studies in the East-Indian Geothermal Province

Integrated geophysical surveys using vertical electrical sounding (VES), very low frequency (VLF) EM, radiation counting, total magnetic field and self-potential (SP) measurements are carried out to characterize the geothermal area around a hot spring in the Nayagarh district, Orissa, India that lies in the East Indian geothermal province. The study was performed to delineate the fracture pattern, contaminated groundwater movement and possible heating source. VES interpretations suggest a three- to four-layer structure in the area. Resistivity survey near the hot spring suggests that weathered and fractured formations constitute the main aquifer system and extend to 60 m depth. Current flow measured at various electrode separations normalized by the applied voltage suggests that fractures extend to a greater depth. Detailed VLF study shows that fractures extend beyond 70 m depth. VLF anomaly has also very good correlation with the total magnetic field measured along the same profiles. Study results suggest that a gridded pattern of VLF survey could map the underground conductive fracture zones that can identify the movement of contaminated groundwater flow. Therefore, precautionary measures can be taken to check further contamination by delineating subsurface conducting structures. Self potential (SP) measured over the hot spring does not show a large anomaly in favor of the presence of a sulphide mineral body. A small positive (5–15mV) SP anomaly is measured which may be streaming potential due to subsurface fluid flow. A high radiation is measured about four kilometers from the hot spring, suggesting possible radiogenic heating. However, the exact nature of the heating source and its depth is not known in the area. Deep resistivity followed by a magneto-telluric survey could reveal the deeper structures.     

引洮供水工程某石料场天然放射性水平评价

通过对石料场控制区伽玛照射量率、伽玛能谱调查,进行石料样品放射性核素比活度分析和石料的浸出率试验,了解并评价石料的天然放射性水平。结果表明,石料场石料的使用是安全可行的,能满足饮水工程的需要,为水源地工程环境评价提供了范例。     

大连市区地表天然放射性水平调查

利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²³²Th、⁴⁰K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示,大连市区²³⁸U、²³²Th、⁴⁰K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg）,均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的²³⁸U、²³²Th、⁴⁰K含量基础上,计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数,并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h,远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12,均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv,远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明,大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平.     

我国海洋放射性监测技术体系现状及展望

随着我国滨海核设施和核技术利用项目的大力建设与发展,迫切需要建立一套统一、规范的海洋放射性监测技术体系,以保障和应对我国海洋放射性环境安全与风险.本文分别对当前海洋放射性样品采集规范体系、海洋放射性监测技术规范体系、海洋放射性监测分析方法体系、海洋放射性质量评价体系和质量保证体系进行梳理,提出海洋放射性监测技术体系的发...     

核事故下海洋放射性应急监测方案探讨

为适应我国滨海核电事业的快速发展,提高我国海洋核应急准备与响应能力,本研究通过调研国内以及国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA）有关海洋放射性应急监测法规标准,并在借鉴日本政府在福岛核事故期间所开展的海洋放射性应急监测方案的基础上,将我国海洋核应急监测分为早期、中期和后期3个阶段,针对不同阶段探讨制定相应的海洋核应急监测方案,以便为核应急期间开展海洋放射性应急监测提供方案参考。     

某稀土分离项目放射性环境影响评价

在工艺流程分析、放射性源项分析,以及环境现状调查的基础上,对某稀土分离项目的放射性环境影响进行了分析、预测和评价。环境放射性水平现状调查与监测表明,评价因子总体在区域环境本底范围内。放射性环境影响预测确定工作人员和公众所受的最大年附加辐射剂量分别为1.622mSv/a和0.029mSv/a,均低于辐射剂量约束值。在落实辐射防护和环境保护措施以后,该项目放射性环境影响符合国家有关法规和标准限值要求。     

海洋环境放射性监测的数据处理中存在的问题

通过比较海洋环境放射性监测与其他海洋环境监测的异同点,介绍了海洋环境放射性监测数据处理的特点,标准差、仪器与方法探测限的推导方法和计算模式,提出了海洋环境放射性监测数据科学表征和科学判断模式,为准确评价海洋环境放射性污染提供重要依据,为海洋环境放射性监测的数据处理提供借鉴.     

Radiocaesium and 210Pb in Clyde sea loch sediments

Analysis of ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs in short sediment cores provide first estimates of deposition rates in some Clyde sea lochs. The radio-caesium nuclides originate mainly in the liquid effluent released at distance from the Clyde by the Windscale nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and their concentrations in Clyde sediments provide information on (a) enrichment factors onto particulate matter, (b) surficial mixing coefficients and (c) sedimentation rates. A radiocaesium residence time in coastal waters of ca. 10³ years reflects the importance of scavenging by the high nearshore particulate flux. ²¹⁰Pb levels in sediments are controlled, in the unsupported fraction, by a major input sorbed on catchment particulates and, in the supported component, by ²²⁶Ra activities occasionally perturbed by unusually high surface values probably of planktonic origin. In one loch, detectable levels of ¹³⁴Cs and ⁶⁰Co are attributed to their discharge by nuclear submarines.     

厦门邻近海域海洋环境放射性水平及评价

良好的环境质量是厦门成为一个宜居和滨海旅游城市的重要基石。自日本福岛核事故发生和福建省核电站陆续运行之后,厦门邻近海域潜在的核污染风险受到公众和管理部门的关注。本研究测定了2015年2月和8月厦门邻近海域海水和海洋沉积物中主要放射性核素的含量水平,并据此评价了该海域的环境放射性质量状况。结果表明海水中总铀、90Sr、226Ra、137Cs处于我国海洋放射性水平变化范围以内,无明显季节差异,其他放射性核素58Co、60Co、134Cs、110mAg、59Fe、54Mn、65Zn均未检出,海水中90Sr和137Cs的活度最大值远低于国家海水水质标准限值,海洋沉积物中放射性核素活度水平亦在我国海洋放射性水平变化范围以内。利用我国现有的海洋放射性环境质量评价方法对厦门邻近海域放射性质量状况进行分级评价得出其海水放射性质量为2级,海洋沉积物放射性环境质量为1级,均属于安全级别。研究结果表明2015年在厦门附近海域未观测到放射性污染现象。