有序属性类最小维数分析在稀有金属资源评价中的应用

有序属性类最小维数分析(MDA—OR),是日本学者林知乙夫等人近年来提出的一种多维标度方法。本文对该法在伟晶岩稀有金属元素矿床(点)的评价上,作了初步尝试,并取得了较为令人满意的结果。     

基于沉积模式的地震多属性量化沉积微相解释方法——以松辽盆地北部高台子地区泉头组三-四段为例

本文针对松辽盆地北部扶杨油层赋存的泉头组三.四段河道砂体地震识别问题开展了地震地质综合研究.以高分辨率层序地层学原理和沉积岩石学理论为指导,识别了沉积微相和河道砂体沉积特征,用钻井和地震联合分层对比的方法建立层序地层格架和区域沉积微相展布模式,确定了地震剖面上具有可对比追踪性的四级层序界面.通过地震多属性多元回归与聚类分析拟合含砂率,在沉积模式的指导下对含砂率平面图进行沉积微相解释,确定河道砂体的宅间展布和有利区,经钻探验证说明取得了较好的预测效果.     

古代玻璃材料LA-ICP-MS组分分析及产源研究

古代玻璃及玻璃质材料的定量分析对于研究其制作年代及产地、原料的来源以及制作工艺有着重要的参考意义。与电子探针(EMPA)、能谱扫描-电子显微镜(EDX-SEM)等分析方法相比,LA-ICP-MS能够快速且准确地提供样品主次量及微量元素信息。本文对LA-ICP-MS古代玻璃元素定量分析中的影响因素进行研究认为:在193nm激光下玻璃标准NIST610和康宁玻璃标准之间基体差异造成的影响较小,而采用玻璃标准NIST610为外标结合基体归一化法的校正策略测定康宁标准结果表明,该策略能够准确反映不同类型古代玻璃材料中成分组成;实验中不同剥蚀模式的研究,有助于不同实验条件的建立,从而满足不同研究的需要。本次研究对出土样品进行了分析,为该制品的产源研究提供了数据支持。     

机载激光雷达全波形数据与系统点云差异的定量分析

目前常用的小光斑机载LiDAR波形数据与系统点云数据的来源相关性较大,波形数据的优势难以严格定量地评价和比较。LeicaALS60机载LiDAR系统记录的全波形数据与点云数据相对独立,点云数据来自硬件系统脉冲探测方法,而波形数据是未加处理的原始回波序列。本文对原始波形数据进行分解获取发射脉冲的全部回波,与系统探测点云进行了定量对比,并选取典型林区和城区数据,得到波形在两种地物类型中垂直信息获取能力的定量表征参数。结果表明,波形数据对不同地物类型均能丰富垂直结构信息和提高点云垂直分辨率,且这种提高在林区表现优于城区人工建筑和裸地;激光对树木冠层的穿透能力更明显地表现在回波波形信息中,相较于传统点云激光雷达,全波形LiDAR在森林垂直参数获取方面潜力更大。     

Nonlinear dynamics and recurrence analysis of extreme precipitation for observed and general circulation model generated climates

A statistical framework based on nonlinear dynamics theory and recurrence quantification analysis of dynamical systems is proposed to quantitatively identify the temporal characteristics of extreme (maximum) daily precipitation series. The methodology focuses on both observed and general circulation model (GCM) generated climates for present (1961–2000) and future (2061–2100) periods which correspond to 1xCO₂ and 2xCO₂ simulations. The daily precipitation has been modelled as a stochastic process coupled with atmospheric circulation. An automated and objective classification of daily circulation patterns (CPs) based on optimized fuzzy rules was used to classify both observed CPs and ECHAM4 GCM‐generated CPs for 1xCO₂ and 2xCO₂ climate simulations (scenarios). The coupled model ‘CP‐precipitation’ was suitable for precipitation downscaling. The overall methodology was applied to the medium‐sized mountainous Mesochora catchment in Central‐Western Greece. Results reveal substantial differences between the observed maximum daily precipitation statistical patterns and those produced by the two climate scenarios. A variable nonlinear deterministic behaviour characterizes all climate scenarios examined. Transitions’ patterns differ in terms of duration and intensity. The 2xCO₂ scenario contains the strongest transitions highlighting an unusual shift between floods and droughts. The implications of the results to the predictability of the phenomenon are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

雷电灾害风险评估中损失量的量化分析

为了更好地做好雷电灾害风险评估,减少雷电带来的损失风险,提出了对雷电灾害风险评估标准中损失量的量化方法。一种方法是基于年雷暴日的量化,另一种方法是利用闪电定位资料,采用了多元回归分析对损失量进行量化,回归试验结果表明:F分布高度显著,相关系数平方可达0.7569。后一种量化方法比前一种量化方法造成的相对误差更小,因此利用年雷暴日量化分析仍存在不足,而基于闪电资料的量化分析更能科学地量化损失量,进而为精细化的雷电灾害风险评估提供科学的参考依据。     

名义上无水矿物中水的定量方法及其优缺点:FTIR方法及其存在问题

构成地幔的主要物相多是名义上无水矿物(NAMs),如橄榄石、辉石等,其晶体结构中能赋存一定量的水.水能显著地影响矿物、岩石体系的物理、化学性质乃至地球深部的许多重要地质过程.为精确获取NAMs的水含量,科学家不断开发和改进水的定量分析方法,其中傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)是测定NAMs中水含量的最主要手段,但不同研...     

海湾分类系统研究

在全国海湾调查的基础上,将《中国海湾志》所记载的96个海湾的基本要素进行了统计分析,选择了海湾的水域率、开敞度、形态系数、动力参数等量化指标,对中国海湾分类进行定量化划分的探索,同时对海湾的成因分类也进行了有益的探讨.     

On the unified theory of atmospheric particle systems part ii: self–affine particles

As the second attempt at unifying treatment of atmospheric particle systems, this paper further examines shape characterization of atmospheric particles. First, to support the theoretical framework developed in Part I, methods for studying non-spherical particles are reviewed. It is argued that these different methods can be unified under fractal geometry through the generalized power laws given in Part I. Empirical power-laws for hydrometeors scat-tered in literature since 1935 are summarized and reevaluated in terms of fractals. Second, generalization from self-similar to self-affine particles is discussed. Self-affinity of atmospheric particles is exemplified by examining the exponents in the power laws between the length along a- and c-axis of ice crystals. It is argued that unlike Euclidean and self-similar particles, self-affine particles do not have a simple dimensional relation between original particles and their projections; the relation for projection of self-similar particles and Mandelbrot’ thumb rules for intersection respectively set the lower and upper bound. Using published data, self-affine particles are shown to exist in the at-mosphere. The existence of self-affine particles in turn calls for instruments that can simultaneously measure mass, area and maximum diameter (or their equivalents).     

地铁工程地质灾害危险性综合评估定量方法——以西安地铁一号线为例

以西安市地铁一号线建设工程地质灾害危险性评估为例,对综合评估量化评分方法进行了理论探讨和实例分析,主要讨论了评估因子的选取、各因子权重和分级取值、危险性等级划分和各级分值范围确定、评分方法和步骤等几个方面的内容。实例分析结果表明,基于本文量化评分方法基础上的地质灾害危险性分区能够较好地反映多因素的综合影响,评估结果合理可信。