Representation of near-fault pulse-type ground motions

Near-fault ground motions with long-period pulses have been identified as critical in the design of structures. To aid in the representation of this special type of motion, eight simple pulses that characterize the effects of either the fling-step or forward-directivity are considered. Relationships between pulse amplitudes and velocity pulse period for different pulses are discussed. Representative ratios and peak acceleration amplification can exhibit distinctive features depending on variations in pulse duration, amplitude and the selected acceleration pulse shape. Additionally, response spectral characteristics for the equivalent pulses are identified and compared in terms of fixed PGA and PGV, respectively. Response spectra are strongly affected by the duration of pulses and the shape of the basic pulses. Finally, dynamic time history response features of a damped SDOF system subjected to pulse excitations are examined. These special aspects of pulse waveforms and their response spectra should be taken into account in the estimation of ground motions for a project site close to a fault.     

Averaging Intervals For Spectral Analysis Of Nonstationary Turbulence

We formulate a method for determining the smallest time interval Tover which a turbulence time series can be averaged to decompose it intoinstantaneous mean and random components. From the random part the method defines the optimal interval (or averaging window) AW over which this part should be averaged to obtain the instantaneous spectrum. Both T and AW vary randomly with time and depend on physical properties of the turbulence. T also depends on the accuracy of the measurements and is thus independent of AW. Interesting features of the method are its real-time capability and the non-equality between AW and T.     

The focus parameters and their correlation from small earthquakes before and after the 1995 Douhe earthquake

IntroductionTheseismoIogymethodofearthquakepredictionissometimessimplycalled"predictingearthquakebyearthquake",thatis,animpendinglargeearthquakeispredictedonbasisofsomefeaturesofsmaIlearthquakesoccurredbeforeit.Forthispurpose,thecharactersoftemporaryspatiaIandmagnitudedistributionofsmalIearthquakesareintensiveIyinvestigated,whichareusuallycalIedasseismicitymethod.ThesuccessfuIpredictionofHaichengearthquakeinl975wasitSremarkabIeappIication.Besides,thepossibIechangesincharactersofseismicsou…     

Directional measurements of wave growth in a short and narrow fetch geometry

The growth of young waves along a narrow bay and their directional spectra were studied. The fetch geometry was found to affect the shape of the spectrum already when the waves were young. When compared to the growth from a straight shoreline, the dimensionless energy was reduced, but the change in dimensionless peak frequency was smaller. The behaviour of the young waves was similar to that of the mature waves but the differences between narrow and broad fetch geometries were smaller, which suggests that due to a stronger nonlinear transfer the young waves are less sensitive to the fetch geometry. The directional spectrum of the young waves in the narrow fetch geometry was narrower at all energy containing frequencies than the spectra from broad fetch geometry, which further supports the conclusion that the shape of the spectrum is not independent of the fetch geometry.     

A Primary Study of Interaction Between Monsoon and Sea Surface Temperature in the Neighborhood Sea Area in South Aisa

1. Introduction South Asian monson is an important weather and climate phenomenon, and it is also an important con- stituent of the global atmospheric circulation, thus people pay more attention to it (Hahn and Manabe, 1975; Zhu and Zhao, 1987; Zhu et al., 1991; Zhou and Yang, 1994; Wu and Huang, 2001; Li et al., 1999). For example, Zhu and Zhao (1987) studied the effects of terrain on South Asian monsoon by the equato- rial atmospheric balance model, indicating that ter- rain effect is …     

TM影像的居民地信息提取方法研究

从对居民地的遥感信息机理分析入手,分析了居民地在Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ ＴＭ２、ＴＭ３、ＴＭ４、ＴＭ５、ＴＭ７等各个波段上与其它地类的可分性。并探讨了增强居民地与其它地类的方法。同时进一步对各地物的谱间结构特征进行了分析,通过分析发现,以水泥顶和瓦项房屋为主的居民地,其ＴＭ２、ＴＭ４、ＴＭ７的光谱值比较接近,而其它地物除新修道路外,都不具备这一特征。这一特征可以用如下表达式来表达,ＴＭ２－ＴＭ４〈Ｔ１;Ｔ     

海面微波散射与风生波短波谱

从海面微波散射的物理机制出发 ,在短波平衡范围条件下 ,讨论了风生波短波谱形式 ,通过对不同波段的微波散射数据分析 ,建立起能适应相当宽微波波段 ( 0 .42 8— 34.4GHz)的海面微波散射模型。文中对若干个波段的微波散射系数进行了试算 ,并与实测资料进行了比较 ,结果是令人满意的     

钢筋混凝土结构基于改进能力谱法的地震损伤性能设计

本文基于国内外非线性静力分析方法,阐述了最近由Ｃｈｏｐｒａ和Ｇｏｅｌ提供的改进能力谱法的基本概念和实施步骤;其次,结合文献「１８」中提出的钢筋沸凝土结构地震损伤“三水准”性能目标和改进能力谱法,提出了基于能力谱法的结构地震损伤性能简化设计及验算方法;最后,通过设计例题说明了本文方法的可行性,并将计算结果与时程分析进行了比较,显示了此法的有效性。     

南宁近百年夏季降水的奇异谱分析

运用奇异谱分析方法对南宁近百年夏季降水进行了统计分析,结果表明:南宁近百年夏季降水的趋势变化不显著,主要以波动变化为特征,主振荡周期分别为4a、8～10a、准两年振荡及20～30a的长周期变化,各重建分量振幅、位相具有明显的年代际变化.     

基于连续小波变换的大地电磁信号谱估计方法

在基于连续小波变换的大地电磁信号谱估计方法中 ,通过引入整体平均、小波系数收缩和显著性检验等统计技术 ,以提高谱估计的精度 .文中同时讨论了连续小波变换中各种参数的选取问题 ,给出了Morlet小波函数中尺度与傅里叶频率之间转换的经验公式 ,并给出了谱估计的具体算法 .结果表明 ,本文方法可有效压制较强的白噪声和局部相关噪声 .与FFT谱估计方法相比 ,该方法大大降低了对信号记录长度的要求 ,因而对大地电磁信号的处理有实际意义 .