A finite element algorithm for parameter identification of material models for fluid saturated porous media

In this contribution an algorithm for parameter identification of geometrically linear Terzaghi–Biot‐type fluid‐saturated porous media is proposed, in which non‐uniform distributions of the state variables such as stresses, strains and fluid pore pressure are taken into account. To this end a least‐squares functional consisting of experimental data and simulated data is minimized, whereby the latter are obtained with the finite element method. This strategy allows parameter identification based on in situ experiments. In order to improve the efficiency of the minimization process, a gradient‐based optimization algorithm is applied, and therefore the corresponding sensitivity analysis for the coupled two‐phase problem is described in a systematic manner. For illustrative purpose, the performance of the algorithm is demonstrated for a slope stability problem, in which a quadratic Drucker–Prager plasticity model for the solid and a linear Darcy law for the fluid are combined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simplifications of CQC method and CCQC method

The response-spectrum mode superposition method is widely used for seismic response analyses of linear systems. In using this method, the complete quadratic combination （CQC） is adopted for classically damped linear systems and the complex complete quadratic combination （CCQC） formula is adopted for non-classically damped linear systems. However, in both cases, the calculation of seismic response analyses is very time consuming. In this paper, the variation of the modal correlation coefficients of displacement, velocity and displacement-velocity with frequency and damping ratios of two modes of interest are studied, Moreover, the calculation errors generated by using CQC and square-root-of-the-sum-of-thesquares （SRSS） methods （or CCQC and CSRSS methods） for different damping combinations are compared. In these analyses, some boundary lines for classically and non-classically damped systems are plotted to distinguish the allowed minimum frequency ratio at given geometric mean of the damping ratios of both modes if their relativity is neglected. Furthermore, the simplified method, which is a special mode quadratic combination method considering only relativity of adjacent modes in CQC method and named simplified CQC or partial quadratic combination （PQC） method for classically damped linear system, is proposed to improve computational efficiency, and the criterion for determination of how many correlated modes should be adopted is proposed. Similarly, the simplified CCQC or complex partial quadratic combination （CPQC） method for the non-classically damped linear system and the corresponding criterion are also deduced. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the applicability, computational accuracy and efficiency of the PQC and CPQC methods.     

一种顾及钟差周期误差和随机特性的卫星钟差预报方法

提出一种顾及钟差周期误差和随机特性的卫星钟差预报方法。首先通过比较二次多项式加1、2、3、4个主要周期误差的模型,取其优者求得钟差预报的拟合值;然后针对拟合残差值的随机特性采用灰色模型进行建模,求得拟合值残差预报值;最后,将其与之前求得的预报值相结合得到最终的钟差预报值。采用IGS的15 min精密钟差数据进行实验,结果表明,在短期预报中,加2个主要周期误差的模型预报性能最好,并且新模型的预报精度优于常用算法。     

双消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤反射特性的理论与试验研究

双消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤具有低反射、结构受力小、适宜较大水深和工程造价低等优点。为明确双消浪室局部开孔沉箱水动力特性的主要影响因素,采用理论分析和物理模型试验相结合的方法,对规则波和不规则波作用下双消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤的反射特性进行研究。基于势流理论,建立规则波和不规则波对局部开孔沉箱防波堤作用的三维解析解,采用二次压力损失边界条件考虑沉箱开孔墙对波浪运动的影响,利用周期性边界条件考虑防波堤结构沿长度方向的周期性变化。开展相应规则波和不规则波物理模型试验,验证理论模型的合理性。通过算例分析,研究不同波浪要素和结构参数对防波堤反射特性的影响。研究表明:双消浪室局部开孔沉箱相对消浪室宽度取值为0.08~0.20,沉箱前墙开孔率大于后墙开孔率时,防波堤在较大波浪频率范围内消波效果显著;当前后墙的开孔率相等时,防波堤反射系数的最小值随着开孔率增大而减小。     

浙江省经济增长与环境质量演进关系的实证研究

基于浙江省1981-2006年的环境与经济数据,运用三次环境库兹涅茨模型对工业三废排放量与经济发展的关系进行模拟,研究发现浙江省工业三废排放与经济发展之间的关系不完全符合典型的倒U型的库兹涅茨特征,而是呈N型波动或同步关系。其中,工业废水排放量的EKC呈U+倒U型曲线组合得到的倒N型,工业固体废弃物产生量的EKC呈倒U+U型曲线组合得到的N型,工业废气排放量的EKC与经济发展关系呈同步关系,目前这些曲线尚未达到转折点,仍处于上升期,表明浙江省目前还未进入工业化后期,仍处于由中期向后期转变的过程中,并据此提出了浙江省实现经济发展与环境保护双赢目标的政策建议。     

二次损失下一般的回归系数线性估计的容许性

本文研究线性模型中一般的回归系数的估计问题,用统计决策函数理论中容许性准则,讨论了线性估计的优良性,通过将一般的非可估回归系数转化成可估的情形,得到了一个线性估计在线性估计类中是容许估计的充分必要条件。     

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利用EGM2008和面状函数求解高程异常的效果分析

本文选取了EGM2008模型和面状拟合中的二次曲面拟合、平面拟合、多面函数拟合等方法进行GPS高程异常计算,通过实测数据分析了EGM2008模型和面状拟合法求解的高程异常的精度,结果表明:二次曲面拟合相比其他方法精度更好,达到厘米级。     

不等式约束卡尔曼滤波的解算及其统计性质

卡尔曼滤波是研究如何从被噪声污染的观测信号中过滤噪声,尽可能消除噪声影响,求未知真实信号或系统状态的一种估计方法.首先简要回顾了无约束离散时间不变系统卡尔曼滤波的模型及解算方法、统计性质.然后将其扩展到等式约束情形,推导了等式约束卡尔曼滤波的解及其统计性质.根据有效约束集的思想阐明了附不等式约束和等式约束卡尔曼滤波问题的内在联系,指出其解具有相同的性质,并提出用积极集法解决具有二次规划形式的不等式约束卡尔曼滤波问题.     

卫星钟差长期预报模型的研究与改进

在传统的二次多项式模型和灰色模型的基础上提出了一种新的组合模型来预报卫星钟差.首先利用灰色模型估计的残差建立二次多项式模型,预报以后历元的残差修正值,然后和灰色模型的预报结果相加.并分析了利用不同历元个数的残差建模所得组合模型的精度,将组合模型与灰色模型、二次多项式模型的预报精度进行了比较.结果表明:组合模型相对于灰色...