现代海底热液沉积物中硫化物集合体和其单矿物之间的硫同位素关系及其意义

硫化物集合体的硫同位素比值介于其单矿物中硫同位素比值的最大和最小值之间。当｜δ2-δ1｜<Δ时 ,δ(1 2 ) 与矿物中硫同位素组成最大和最小值的距离均小于Δ。当｜δ2-δ1｜>Δ时 ,δ(1 2 ) 与δ1 和δ2 的距离有可能大于Δ。对现代海底热液沉积物来讲 ,排除了生物和有机质的影响后 ,直接测定其硫化物集合体的硫同位素比值进行同位素示踪研究是可行的。     

Effects of benzo（a）pyrene exposure on the antioxidant enzyme activity of scallop Chlamysfarreri

Scallop Chlamys farreri was exposed to different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (0.5 μg/L, 1.0 μg/L, 10.0 μg/L and 50.0 μg/L) for 30 days in seawater. The 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly induced, and increased with the increasing BaP concentration. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased in short time at low concentration of BaP, and was significantly depressed at high concentr...     

一株芘降解菌Bacilluscereus Py5的分离鉴定

为了研究蜡状芽孢杆菌的筛选、鉴定及对四环多环芳烃芘的降解性能。通过富集驯化培养,从红树林污泥中分离到一株以芘作为唯一碳源与能源的高效菌株PY5,经过形态观察、生理生化与16S rDNA鉴定, PY5属于蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),同时对该菌株降解芘性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,B.cereus对50mg/L芘的21d降解率为65.8%,投加Tween-80、葡萄糖、水杨酸、Fe3+、Mn2+等基质可以不同程度强化降解芘的能力,其中投加葡萄糖+Fe3++Mn2+的混合液对B. cereus降解芘的强化效果最好, 21 d的芘降解率可达到81.4%,相对于不加共代谢底物时提升15.6%,表明外加C源与酶活诱导因子对高分子质量多环芳烃污染降解具有一定的促进作用。     

Molecular cloning and differential expression patterns of sigma and omega glutathione S-transferases from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Venerupis philippinarum</Emphasis> to heavy metals and benzo[a]pyrene exposure

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a class of enzymes that facilitate the detoxification of xenobiotics, and also play important roles in antioxidant defense. We identified two glutathione S-transferase isoforms (VpGSTS, sigma GST; VpGSTO, omega GST) from Venerupis philippinarum by RACE approaches. The open reading frames of VpGSTS and VpGSTO were of 612 bp and 729 bp, encoding 203 and 242 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 22.88 and 27.94 kDa, respectively. The expression profiles of VpGSTS and VpGSTO responded to heavy metals and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure were investigated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The expression of VpGSTS and VpGSTO were both rapidly up-regulated, however, they showed differential expression patterns to different toxicants. Cd displayed stronger induction of VpGSTS expression with an approximately 12-fold increase than that of VpGSTO with a maximum 6.4-fold rise. Cu exposure resulted in similar expression patterns for both VpGSTS and VpGSTO. For B[a]P exposure, the maximum induction of VpGSTO was approximately two times higher than that of VpGSTS. Altogether, these findings implied the involvement of VpGSTS and VpGSTO in host antioxidant responses, and highlighted their potential as a biomarker to Cd and B[a]P exposure.     

苯并(a)对大弹涂鱼肝脏抗氧化防御系统影响的初步研究

苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘((ＢＢａａＰＰ))是是一一种种具具强强致致癌癌性性的的多多环环芳芳烃烃,,广广泛泛存存在在于于受受污污染染的的海海洋洋环环境境中中。。早早期期对对苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘的的研研究究主主要要集集中中于于苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘暴暴露露与与终终反反应应—————癌癌变变的的发发生生或或肿肿瘤瘤的的形形成成之之间间的的相相关关性性研研究究。。近近年年来来,,通通过过对对苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘在在动动物物体体内内的的代代谢谢过过程程及及其其致致毒毒机机理理的的研研究究,,发发现现苯苯…     

苯并(a)芘、芘及其混合物暴露对梭鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下,观察苯并(a)芘、芘及其等浓度混合物暴露对梭鱼(Mugil so-iuy)肝脏谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响。结果显示,在7d的暴露中,苯并(a)芘、芘对肝脏GST活性的影响主要为诱导效应,芘对GST活性的诱导比苯并(a)芘强。混合物在15d的暴露中未观察到GST活性的诱导,而是在暴露的后期出现GST活性的抑制。实验表明,肝脏GST活性的诱导指示受到PAHs污染胁迫,而GST活性抑制则是受到较长时间或较严重的污染。     

Marine-derived filamentous fungi and their potential application for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation

Eight marine-derived fungi that were previously selected for their abilities to decolorize RBBR dye were subjected to pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene degradation. The fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum CBMAI 849 showed the best performance with regard to pyrene (99.7%) and benzo[a]pyrene (76.6%) depletion after 8 and 16 days, respectively. Substantial amounts of benzo[a]pyrene (>50.0%) depletion were also achieved by Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847. Therefore, these two fungal strains were subjected to metabolism evaluation using the HPLC-DAD-MS technique. The results showed that A. sclerotiorum CBMAI 849 and M. racemosus CBMAI 847 were able to metabolize pyrene to the corresponding pyrenylsulfate and were able to metabolize benzo[a]pyrene to benzo[a]pyrenylsulfate, suggesting that the mechanism of hydroxylation is mediated by a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, followed by conjugation with sulfate ions. Because these fungi were adapted to the marine environment, the strains that were used in the present study are considered to be attractive targets for the bioremediation of saline environments, such as ocean and marine sediments that are contaminated by PAHs.     

超高效液相色谱法检测地下水中苯并(a)芘

通过对荧光检测器波长、色谱柱温的选择,建立了超高效液相色谱测定地下水中苯并(a)芘的简便方法。采用Acquity C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇,流速为0.40 mL/min,方法线性范围为0.082~200 ng/mL,检出限为0.033 ng/mL。在此分析条件下,苯并(a)芘保留时间仅为0.61 min。应用超高效液相色谱法和高效液相色谱法对地下水中苯并(a)芘的测定结果进行比较,超高效液相色谱在分析速度、分辨率和灵敏性方面,特别是在节省时间与溶剂消耗上具有显著的理论优势。     

苯并芘B[a]P对泥蚶组织EROD、GST酶活力和MDA含量的影响

采用实验生态学的方法,通过染毒和清除,研究了不同浓度(0.05、0.5、5和10 μg/L)苯并芘B[a]P胁迫15d和释放15d后,泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)消化盲囊和鳃丝乙氧基异吩唑脱乙基酶(EROD)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活力和脂质过氧化物(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明: 在胁迫阶段0.5、5 和10μg/L,B[a]P处理组对泥蚶消化盲囊和鳃丝EROD、GST 酶活力和MDA含量显著影响(P＜0.05), EROD、GST 酶活力分别被诱导和抑制,第5d趋于稳定, MDA含量随时间呈上升趋势, 在第10d基本达到峰值并趋于稳定。在清除阶段, EROD活力和MDA含量逐渐下降, GST活力逐渐升高, 并在5～10d恢复到对照组水平。本研究中, EROD和GST活力的变化能够反映机体解毒代谢的能力, MDA含量的变化反映了机体氧化损伤的程度,表现出了一定的剂量和时间效应。     

苯并(a)芘和芘对梭鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下，浓度范围0.1-50μg/L的苯并（a)芘和芘的短期暴露造成梭鱼肝脏GPx活性先抑制后诱导的效应，相同的污染物，高浓度组对GPx活性的抑制大于低浓度组，出现GPx活性诱导的时间早于低浓度组；相同浓度下，苯并（a）芘对GPx活的作用大于芘，这间接反映了苯并（a）芘和芘的毒性大小，这些结果说明梭鱼肝脏GPx活性与苯并（a）芘和芘暴露有一定的相关性，可以作为海洋环境污染监测的一种生物标志物。