一种特殊的玉器材料蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩

对一种特殊的玉器材料采用珠宝玉石常规鉴定、岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定、红外光谱分析和X射线粉晶衍射分析的研究,其玉石材料为蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩。提出了使用放大镜检查与红外光谱分析相结合的综合鉴定方法。     

短钝溞（Daphnia obtusa Kurz)在碳酸盐型水体中的移植驯化与培养

从西太湖梅梁湾分离出野生水华微囊藻,得到水华微囊藻在半固体培养基上的纯藻株。研究太湖水华微囊藻在室内不同氮,磷浓度下的生长特征,发现在氮浓度在１７ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,磷逍度为１．７ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１左右进,微囊藻日增长率最大。比较自然状态和室内培养条件下微囊藻的生长情况,可知野生微囊藻一般能形成较大的群体,室内液体培养基的营养盐浓度远高于野外,却难以得到大群体微微藻,从此实验结果来看,营养盐浓度与微囊藻在     

不同土壤水分条件和气温对沙枣树出胶的影响

对沙枣树的出胶进行了不同土壤水环境条件下的比较。结果表明,湿润林带的出胶率低,但出胶量高,干旱林带则相反,是出胶率高而出胶量低。沙枣树的出胶应该是自身生理活性作用和受害反应的结果。同时还发现沙枣树的出胶率和出胶量都随气温的增加而明显增加。指出出胶率高是病虫害侵染所造成,而出胶量高则是生理活性强的表现。沙枣胶的生产应该在新疆炎热的南疆地区进行,加强林带的管理和复壮有利于提高沙枣树的产胶量。     

Development of pan coefficients for estimating evapotranspiration from riparian woody vegetation

The long‐term ‘Millennium Drought’ has put significant pressure on water resources across Australia. In southeastern Australia and in particular the Murray‐Darling Basin, removal of exotic, high‐water‐use Salix trees may provide a means to return water to the environment. This paper describes a simple model to estimate evapotranspiration of two introduced Salix species under non‐water‐limited conditions across seven biogeoclimatic zones in Australia. In this study, Salix evapotranspiration was calculated using the Penman–Monteith model. Field measurements of leaf area index and stomatal conductance for Salix babylonica and Salix fragilis were used to parameterize the models. Each model was validated using extensive field estimates of evapotranspiration from a semi‐arid (S. babylonica, r² = 0.88) and cool temperate (S. fragilis, r² = 0.99) region. Modelled mean annual evapotranspiration showed strong agreement with field measurements, being within 32 and 2 mm year^?1 for S. babylonica and S. fragilis, respectively. Monthly pan coefficients (the ratio of mean evapotranspiration to mean pan evaporation) were developed from 30 years of meteorological data, for 30 key reference sites across Australia for both species using the validated Penman–Monteith models. Open‐water evaporation was estimated from field measurements and was used to develop a simple linear regression model for open‐water evaporation across the 30 reference sites. Differences between modelled evapotranspiration and open‐water evaporation at each site provide an indication of the amount of water that might be returned to the environment from removal of in‐stream Salix species. The monthly pan coefficient method reported has application across riparian environments worldwide where measured evapotranspiration is available for model validation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

压裂液快速混配技术的研究与应用

水力压裂是低渗透油藏改造的重要措施,压裂液性能则是影响压裂增产效果的一个关键因素,配液质量好、配液效率高是压裂液配制的发展趋势。通过分析当前压裂液配制难题,以及稠化剂和固体添加剂的特性,指出制约配液快速性的关键因素。基于实验研究成果,提出一种压裂液快速配制新工艺,并采用PLC控制,实现配液过程自动化。新的配液工艺和配液装备已经在大庆油田应用两年,工业化应用表明：该工艺胶液粘度释放快,胶液中没有水包粉现象,且具有计量精度高、添加剂混合均匀,发液速度快等诸多优点,证实了新工艺的合理性和有效性。     

Kinematic models for non‐coaxial granular materials. Part I: theory

The purpose of this paper is to present a physically based plasticity model for non‐coaxial granular materials. The model, which we shall call the double slip and rotation rate model (DSR² model), is a pair of kinematic equations governing the velocity field. The model is based on a discrete micro‐analysis of the kinematics of particles in contact, and is formulated by introducing a quantity called the averaged micro‐pure rotation rate (APR) into the unified plasticity model which was proposed by one of the authors. Our macro–micro mechanical analysis shows that the APR is a non‐linear function of, among other quantities, the macro‐rotation rate of the major principal axis of stress taken in the opposite sense. The requirement of energy dissipation used in the double‐sliding free‐rotating model appears to be unduly restrictive as a constitutive assumption in continuum models. In the DSR² model the APR tensor and the spin tensor are directly linked with non‐coaxiality of the stress and deformation rate tensors. We also propose a simplified plasticity model based on the DSR² model for a class of dilatant materials, and analyse its material stability. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

盾构隧道下穿城市道路的路面沉降计算方法研究

随着我国城市化进程的不断推进,地下空间的开发和利用越来越受重视,特别是盾构隧道已成为工程建设的重要技术手段。而城市地下环境日趋复杂,市政隧道下穿既有道路的项目愈发常见,研究与之对应的土体位移预测方法对地下空间安全评估至关重要。借助弹性力学中薄壁圆筒的平面模型,构建相应的边界条件,推导出适用于有重地层浅埋圆截面土体沉降变形计算方法。以澳门纯钢纤维混凝土盾构隧道下穿友谊大马路工程为实例,并与不同收敛模式下随机介质理论进行对比验证。研究结果表明：理论公式与土体位移实测值吻合度较高,且略优于随机介质理论的计算结果。理论公式综合考虑了路基土体参数、隧道深径比及施工技术水平等因素的影响,计算结果合理可靠,可为盾构隧道下穿施工诱发土体位移预测提供重要的理论支持。     

反演纯剪切模型中β的算法研究

以往反演伸展因子的算法多是基于单井资料进行拟合计算得到,很少把构造与热演化史结合研究.这里利用McKenzie在1978年提出的纯剪切模型中计算沉降和热流的公式,基于一维反演伸展因子的思想,采用Matlab软件GUI功能,编制多点反演伸展因子界面,大大减少在对伪井数据反演伸展因子时的工作量.以南海中北部SO49-25测...     

跟管钻头钻进工艺在水电勘探中的研究与应用

就近几年水电工程勘探施工中遇到的问题进行了分析和研究。首先讨论了植物胶冲洗液的改性及应用;然后重点讨论了跟管钻头钻进工艺在大型滑坡体勘探、坝轴线穿江斜孔勘探及处理孔内埋钻事故等方面的广泛应用。此工艺的实际应用效果大大高于传统跟管工艺,不仅提高了钻探总体水平,还具有较好的应用和推广价值。     

共振光猝灭法测定环境水样中痕量硒

在阿拉伯树胶(AG)存在下,0.14 mol/L硫酸介质中,硒(Ⅳ)与过量的I-反应生成I3-,加入乙酸钠后I3-与亚甲基蓝反应成离子缔合物,在波长288 nm处共振光猝灭,建立了共振光散射法测定痕量硒的方法.确定了碘化钾、亚甲基蓝、乙酸钠和增溶剂阿拉伯树胶溶液的浓度,在室温(20～30℃)下反应15 min,提高了体...