脉冲压缩方法检测岩石弹性波速度

针对岩石弹性波速度检测信噪比低、回波信号初至时间不易判读,以及较长岩石（或混凝土）超声检测难以穿透问题,提出用脉冲压缩方法检测弹性波速度。该方法与超声脉冲法检测的不同之处是在发射端采用编码信号激励,在接收端进行匹配滤波,得到高信噪比的压缩信号。介绍线性调频信号的宽时宽带特性,分析了脉冲压缩的基本原理和数字实现过程。试验研究了换能器带宽对激发信号的影响。用常规的单脉冲法和脉冲压缩方法检测了多个岩样的弹性波速度,试验结果表明,两种检测结果差异较小。给出了脉冲压缩方法用于岩石弹性波速度检测的具体步骤和计算过程。综合分析,脉冲压缩方法检测岩石弹性波速度是可行的,能够用于岩土工程的质量评价。     

兰州马衔山北缘断裂地震潜势评估

马衔山北缘断裂为晚第四纪活动的左旋逆走滑断裂,是对兰州市影响最大的控震断裂,自东向西可分为内官营段、马衔山段、七道梁段和雾宿山段4条次级断层段.其中雾宿山段为1125年兰州7级地震的发震断层段,其特征地震平均复发间隔为2 250～3 590年,最晚离逝时间为882年,在未来关注的200年内再次发生强震的可能性较小;马衔山段特征地震平均复发间隔约为3 120年,历史上曾发生过多次中等破坏性地震,其潜在地震危险性值得关注;七道梁段和内官营段未获得古地震复发间隔等参数,但历史上均发生过中等破坏性地震,未来仍存在中等破坏性地震发生的可能,其地震复发间隔可近似地参考马衔山断裂带上相应震级地震的平均值.     

Dynamic simulation of interactions between major earthquakes on the Xianshuihe fault zone

The authors firstly evaluate the strain accumulation rate of the Xianshuihe fault zone based on earth- quake activity. We calculated the stress and seismic moment accumulation rate for each subsection of the Xianshuihe fault zone based on the distribution of geological slip rate and GPS survey results. According to the results, we get the recurrence intervals of characterized earthquakes on each sub- section respectively. A three-dimensional finite element model for western Sichuan is constructed to discuss the earthquakes triggering among major earthquakes (M>6.7) that occurred along the Xianshuihe fault zone since 1893. The calculated Coulomb failure stress changes (ΔCFS) show that 5 of the 6 earthquakes with Ms>6.7 were triggered by positive ΔCFS. The interactions between major earthquakes not only influence recurrence intervals of characterized earthquakes on each subsection, but also change recurrence behavior of major earthquakes along the whole fault zone.     

地震活动图像分析预测汶川8．0级地震的回顾与思考

本文回顾了2008年5月12日四川省汶川8．0级特大地震前中长期及年度趋势预测过程。作者根据地震活动图像特征作出了较好预测,明确指出四川石棉-冕宁和汶川-松潘一带,2008年前后,可能发生7级以上地震。但带短期预测特点的2008年度大震危险性,作者没有作出确切的预测。本文思考了相关的经验教训并对改进分析预报工作提出了构想。     

Evidence of multistage late Quaternary strong earthquakes on typical segments of Longmenshan Active Fault Zone in Sichuan,China

Investigation of offset landforms and trench excavation are important means to acquire the evidence of multistage activities of active faults. Here we present the result of fault trough investigation in Beichuan County and the Pingtong Town of Pingwu County along the Longmenshan Central Fault Belt, as well as the result from trench excavation at the platform foreslope in Hanwang Town of Mianzhu County on the Longmenshan Front Range Fault Belt. These results show that at least three fault activity events, in...     

Preliminary analysis of the hanging wall effect and velocity pulse of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake

A preliminary study of the PGA attenuation, hanging wall effect and velocity pulse characteristics from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of Ms =8.0 is described in this paper. The study was carried out through analyses in the time and frequency domains of main earthquake records. In the PGA attenuation study, records from 316 stations less than 1000 km from the surface rupture of the fault were used as a database and attenuation relationships were developed and compared with some existing relationships that are widely used in mainland China, Chinese Taiwan and the US. At the same time, records from 28 stations less than 100 km from the fault were used to study the hanging wall effect and velocity pulse characteristics of this earthquake based on the distribution of PGA, PGV, spectral acceleration, and the velocity pulse peak, and the results are compared with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. In addition, the large PGAs of the UD components observed in this event are also discussed in this paper. From the results of the preliminary study, some conclusions are developed and suggestions for further research are proposed.     

岩质边坡平面滑动的模糊可靠度分析

综合考虑了边坡平边滑动的随机性和模糊性。根据工程实际确定结构功能函数的概率密度函数及表征边坡稳定性的隶属函数,提出了边坡失稳的模糊概率和边坡稳定性模糊可靠度的计算方法,并计算了模糊可靠度的置信区间,具有一定的实际意义。     

热脉冲技术测定树干液流研究进展

热脉冲技术是生态生理学和森林水文学研究树木耗水最为常用的技术之一,该技术具有在树木自然生长状态基本不变的情况下实时测量树干木质部上升液流速度及流量,可以简捷准确地确定树冠蒸腾耗水量,同时具有经济可行,测定准确的优点.综述了热脉冲技术的发展历程,对热脉冲方法测定树干液流理论研究、树干液流时空变异性与环境因子的关系研究以及单株耗水向林分水平的尺度转换研究等方面作了较为详细的总结,据此,对热脉冲技术的发展做了展望.     

三维地震勘探中叠加速度成图

速度参数和成图方法和选取对于提高三维地震反射层构造图的精度是很重要的,文章提出了由地震资料的叠加速度来获得界面平均速度,并利用钻井资料对界面平均速度校正,得出了符合地质规律的平均速度,提高了作图精度。该方法成功地应用于华北某煤田勘探区的三维资料解释中,弥补了传统时深转换方法的不足,收到了很好的效果,所绘制的构造图深度同巷道资料吻合。