Compositional characteristics and phase equilibria in manganiferous iron formations from a high-grade terrain near Satnuru, Karnataka, India

Manganese-rich and manganese-poor iron formations which occur as thin layers in the Halaguru-Satnuru area, south of Kabbaldurga, Karnataka, India are chemically intermediate between the ‘Algoma’and ‘Lake Superior’types, but higher in their MnO and TiO₂ contents. The rocks are of four petrographic varieties: (a) quartz-magnetite-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene, (b) quartz-magnetite-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-garnet, (c) quartz-magnetite-clinopyroxene-garnet, and (d) quartz-magnetite-clinopyroxene-garnet-plagioclase. In the orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene pairs, Mn-Mg and Mn-Fe exchange is ideal irrespective of the MnSiO₃ contents of orthopyroxenes (0.6–1.8 mol. % in Mn-poor and 15–25 mol. % in Mn-rich compositions). Mg-Fe exchange in the same pair is however non-ideal. Mn-Fe exchange in orthopyroxene-garnet pairs is ideal. The distribution patterns in the other binaries are inconclusive regarding ideality of exchange. Orthopyroxene-garnet and clinopyroxene-garnet geothermometers, modified for high spessartine contents, give temperatures of 800 ± 30° C. A modified version of the Harley (1984) geothermometer registers 740 ± 60° C, in agreement with the consensus temperature value. The equilibrium log ffo₂ values in the iron formations, as calculated from the reaction 6FeSiO₃+ O₂= 2Fe₃O₄+ 6SiO₂ are in the range of ?14.2 to ?15.5. Algebraic analysis of variations of f_o2 with composition of phases indicates buffering of O₂ in the rocks. The absence of grunerite in these assemblages is compatible with X_H2O being less than 0.3 in the ambient fluid. Computations from volatile equilibria in the C-O-H system, however, predict high X_H2O values (>0.7) at a_c= 1.0, implying that the activity of graphite must have been greatly reduced—this is in accordance with the absence of graphite in these rocks.     

基于离子配对法的黄山地区云凝结核闭合研究

为了对黄山地区云凝结核(Cloud Condensation Nuclei,CCN)进行闭合研究,2014年6月30日至7月28日在黄山光明顶对大气气溶胶理化性质和CCN数浓度进行观测,分析了气溶胶化学组分、谱分布以及CCN数浓度随时间变化的特征,通过κ-K?hler理论并使用离子配对法计算得到CCN数浓度与观测得到的...     

Geochemical tracers of northern Portuguese estuarine sediments on the shelf

The northern Portuguese coastal zone is drained by large Iberian rivers, along which there is intensive industrial, agricultural and urban activity. Offshore of the two main river basins of the Douro and Minho, two fine-grained sedimentary formations can be characterised. A geochemical study of this sediment cover has been performed focussing in particular on the fine deposits and the adjacent estuaries. The chemical composition of superficial sediments collected from the northern Portuguese shelf and from the river basins of the Minho and Douro rivers was determined for major, minor and trace elements; the rare earth elements (REE) composition was also determined in selected samples. Statistical analyses of these data for the shelf sediments allow us to identify elements with similar behaviours and the different sediment types along the shelf, and to evaluate of their origins. Downcore profiles of the chemical composition of the fine sediments reveal no evidence for changes induced by recent human activities. To assess the influence of the rivers on the fine sedimentary formations, the elemental distribution patterns of selected sediments have been compared with the estuarine sediments. Lithogenic elements composition normalised to Al and the shale normalised REE distributions showed there are similarities between the Douro River sediments and the sediment composition of the Douro and Galicia mud patches. However, the Galicia mud field showed no relationship in its chemical composition to sediments derived from the Minho River. Nor was any evidence for heavy metal contamination originating from the Douro estuary detected in anthropogenic element/Al ratios in the shelf sediments. This may be because of processes associated with resuspension, complexation and bioturbation that occur during sediment transport and deposition. Nevertheless, the Douro River seems to be the main continental source of fine sediments being deposited on the northern Portuguese shelf.     

OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ON SAND-DUST STORM IN HELAN MOUNTAINOUS AREA

According to the observation of the number and mass concentration spectra of atmosphericaerosols,the total suspended particulates (TSP) and their size distribution,micrometeorology,and the solar spectroscopic radiation,even neutron activation treatment of sand dust samples inHelan Mountainous area.the formation law of floating dust,blowing sand and sandstorm weatherand the characteristics of climatic variation in this area and the influence of the Helan Mountain arecounted and analyzed.In addition,the spectrum characteristics,optical depth and chemicalcomposition of sand aerosol particles are also analyzed and discussed.     

准噶尔盆地头屯河地区侏罗系沉积环境与构造意义

准噶尔盆地头屯河地区侏罗系陆相层序包含4种沉积:(1)冲积扇平原湿地中的砾石质河流沉积(八遭湾组),其特征提示在湿地中发育了规模不同的大河道(深3—5m,宽1OOm左右)及较小的分流或决口河道(深2m以下,宽6—30m)。(2)沙质低弯度河沉积,晚三工河、早西山窑、头屯河及齐古组沉积期的河流沉积属之。其特点是河道相与河间相间的界线清楚,提示河道在某一段时期固定于平原的特定地带;河道规模受古气候和构造的制约;气候干旱化和构造抬升(如头屯河组沉积时期),侵蚀基面降低,河流动力增加,因而河流规模变大,反之变小;晚头屯河组沉积期的干旱气候存在暂时性河道。(3)三角洲前缘沉积(河口中坝),见于八道湾、三工河及喀拉扎组中。(4)开阔湖相沉积,以三工河组厚的页岩层序为代表。 砂岩成分逆向反映源区剥蚀顺序。下侏罗统富含泥质岩屑,表示天山上古生界浅变质及沉积层系被剥蚀。自下而上,碎屑中稳定矿物增加,粒度变细,反映源区由于剥蚀而后退。中—上侏罗统砂岩成分演化方向不同于下侏罗统,可能与三工河组沉积末期盆地边缘构造回春有关。在Q-F-L三角图中,侏罗系样品大都落在构造区之间,反映陆相盆地充填物的混合来源。下—中侏罗统的煤既有原地生成,亦有重要的他生类型。     

晚泥盆世弗拉斯期—法门期之交海水温度变化的同位素证据

位于我国湖南省冷水江地区锡矿山矿区的老江冲剖面为发育良好的浅水台地相沉积,出露著名的上泥盆统弗拉斯—法门阶(Fr/Fa)界线,多年的地层古生物学工作已详细地了解了该区的古生物面貌。本研究采用了基本保存完好的腕足动物Cyrospirifer vernemili 壳体进行了稳定C、O同位素地球化学分析,δ18O值为-8.4‰~-9.6‰;δ13C值为-2.2‰~0.5‰,二值在弗拉斯—法门阶交界处均发生了异常波动,将此值与其他地区的研究结果进行比较,可以认为,弗拉斯—法门期交界时所发生的剧烈而大范围的事件所造成的同位素波动可以作为大区域地层对比的标志。经过计算,推断从弗拉斯期末至法门期初,我国华南地区的古海洋发生了降温事件。     

外源性生长激素对牙鲆肌肉化学成分的影响

牙鲆经外源性生长激素自理后,对对照组相比,实验组鱼肌肉含水量没有明显性差异,粗蛋白含量提高１２．８％,粗脂肪含量提高１３．２９％,同时还发现肌肉蛋白质氨基酸组成比例没有明显差异,ＲＮＡ含量提高４５．１０％,ＲＮＡ／ＤＮＡ值升高３７．６３％。     

无机流体成分催化生烃的实验

以松树皮(枝)分别与硫酸盐、金属元素等无机流体成分配制样品,置于恒温箱内,采用室内常压、恒温80℃的条件下长时间反应的模拟实验的方法模拟有机质在沉积后和成岩早期的腐变过程。对模拟实验中的样品进行持续观察,观察无机流体成分对油气生成所产生的影响;并对样品分别进行了族组分分离、分析。结果表明:无机流体成分不同,样品的出油情况也不尽相同,而且会对可溶抽提物产生影响。