Maximum Wind Speed Changes over China

In this study,the maximum wind speed（WSmax） changes across China from 1956 to 2004 were analyzed based on observed station data,and the changes of WS max for 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 are projected using three global climate models（GFDL_CM2₀,CCCMA_CGCM3,and MRI_CGCM2） that have participated in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report（AR4）.The observed annual and seasonal WS max and the frequency of gale days showed obvious declining trends.The annual WS max decreased by approximately 1.46 m s-1 per decade,and the number of gale days decreased by 3.0 days per decade from 1956 to 2004.The amplitudes of the annual and seasonal WS max decreases are larger than those of the annual and seasonal average wind speeds（WSavg）.The weakening of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons is the cause for the distinct decreases of both WS max and WS avg over the whole China.The decrease of WS max in the southeast coastal areas of China is related to the reduced intensity of cold waves in China and the decreasing number（and decreasing intensity） of land-falling typhoons originated in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.The global climate models GFDL_CM2₀,MRI_CGCM2,and EBGCM（the ensemble of above mentioned three global climate models） consistently suggest that the annual and seasonal WS max values will decrease during 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 relative to 1981-2000.The models also suggest that decreases in WS max for whole China during 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 are related to both the reduced intensity of cold waves and the reduced intensity of the winter monsoon,and the decrease in WS max in the southeast coastal areas of China is corresponding to the decreasing number of tropical cyclones over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in the summer during the same periods.     

金龙山金矿床矿源层特征

金龙山金矿床产于秦岭元古宙－晚古生代海槽特殊有限洋盆之中，矿床赋存于上泥盆统南羊山组和下石炭统袁家沟组，该层位金丰度度，认为赋矿层位为矿源层。通过对矿源层沉积区域地质环境，地层岩石组合，岩相结合，沉积地球化学诸特征分析，以揭示矿源层是在动荡海盆环境下喷流沉积作用的结果，构造，火山热液活动是金矿源层形成根本原因     

遥感植物地球化学方法的研究进展

近些年来随着遥感技术的不断发展,在植被覆盖区的金属矿床的探查中,遥感植物地球化学方法得到了越来越广泛的应用。文章从理论、技术和应用三个方面对遥感植物地球化学方法的发展进行阐述,并指出目前存在的问题。其中使用定量化的手段提取植物地球化学信息是未来的必由之路。然而在定量化的过程中,光谱尺度效应和空间尺度效应是两个重要的影响模型精度的因素。针对这个问题,文章提出两种解决方案来减小光谱尺度效应的影响,然而这两种方法的可操作性以及可靠性还需要进一步探讨。最后,文章对遥感植物地球化学方法的发展前景进行阐述,并指出在以后定量模型的建立中可以引入支持向量机、投影追踪等机器学习的方法。     

Projections of annual mean air temperature and precipitation over the globe and in China during the 21st century by the BCC Climate System Model BCC_CSM1.0

Evaluating the projection capability of climate models is an important task in climate model development and climate change studies. The projection capability of the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) Climate System Model BCC CSM1.0 is analyzed in this study. We focus on evaluating the projected annual mean air temperature and precipitation during the 21st century under three emission scenarios (Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) B1, A1B, and A2) of the BCC CSM1.0 model, along with comparisons with 22 CMIP3 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3) climate models. Air temperature averaged both globally and within China is projected to increase continuously throughout the 21st century, while precipitation increases intermittently under each of the three emission scenarios, with some specific temporal and spatial characteristics. The changes in globally-averaged and China-averaged air temperature and precipitation simulated by the BCC CSM1.0 model are within the range of CMIP3 model results. On average, the changes of precipitation and temperature are more pronounced over China than over the globe, which is also in agreement with the CMIP3 models. The projection capability of the BCC CSM1.0 model is comparable to that of other climate system models. Furthermore, the results reveal that the climate change response to greenhouse gas emissions is stronger over China than in the global mean, which implies that China may be particularly sensitive to climate change in the 21st century.     

基于COM的地图投影选择专家系统实现

现有的GIS软件中通常提供一定数量的地图投影方式供用户选择,地图投影选择是一个复杂的系统问题,需要考虑多方面的因素,对投影的各种参数进行评估,没有现成的公式、方案或规范可以遵循。本文通过分析地图投影选择问题的信息层次,论述了专家系统解决地图投影选择问题的可行性,讨论了详细的系统建立方法,并通过COM技术实现了地图投影选择的专家系统,并将系统与专业的GIS软件集成,为地图投影选择问题提供了一条解决思路。     

一种基于投影变换的旋转型CL重建算法

相对于传统计算机断层成像(CT),计算机层析成像(CL)对于扁平状物体的检测具有独特的优势。旋转型CL不严格满足滤波反投影(FBP)算法的条件,针对这一问题本文提出了一种基于投影变换的旋转型CL FBP重建算法。首先介绍了旋转型CL的扫描结构;然后阐述了该结构下投影的生成方法及基于投影变换的投影数据重构方法;最后利用重构后投影数据进行滤波反投影,并通过仿真重建实验验证了算法的有效性。     

地理信息系统工程坐标系统研究

涉及如何建立平面坐标系统的论著较多,但多数都在较小的区域实施,相对情况比较简单,利用抵偿高程面或平移中央子午线,或者二者结合使用即可建立符合精度要求的平面坐标系统。但在较大(将近上万平方公里)的区域如何建立平面坐标系统的研究论著较少,本文对该问题进行了分析和探讨,归纳的方法和过程可对类似问题起到启发和参考的作用。     

城乡多源地籍数据一张图技术研究

针对目前地籍管理数据的多样性,为满足日常地籍管理对现实数据的需求,提出多源地籍数据一张图的理念,通过比较分析目前研究现状,探索通过旋转平移、投影变换等方法实现数据坐标系的统一,同时为国土资源部门多源数据一张图管理提供借鉴。     

隐伏逆断层破裂扩展特征的实验研究及其地震地质意义

通过模拟实验研究了逆断层活动过程中上覆沉积层的破裂扩展特征,采用投影条纹测试方法分析了沉积层表面离面(即垂直)位移场的演化过程。结果表明,在沉积层厚度和断层倾角一定的条件下,基岩中的逆断层逐渐向上扩展,并在沉积层表面围绕基岩断层上断点的投影线形成一个离面位移梯度带(即形变带),基岩断层的位移越大,沉积层中的形变带越宽、变形越强烈;但当断层扩展至沉积层表面后,形变带宽度将保持稳定,只是变形随断层位移增加而更集中。对于同样的基岩断层位移和断层倾角,沉积层厚度越大,受基岩断层控制的形变带越宽,即基岩断层的影响范围越大;当沉积层厚度超过某一临界值时,沉积层中会发育因隆起引起的表面拉张破裂。在沉积层厚度和基岩断层位移量一定的情况下,基岩断层倾角的增加将会使表面形变带的宽度减小,但会使变形破坏程度更强烈。实验结果意味着,临界断层位移、临界沉积层厚度以及断层倾角对于确定隐伏逆断层发震产生的地表变形和破坏特征具有重要意义。文中的研究结果有助于进一步认识汶川MS8.0地震的地表变形特征     

基于CMIP5资料的云南及周边地区未来50年气候预估

利用CRU(Climatic Research Unit)高分辨率观测数据及云南省124站资料,检验了参与IPCC AR5(政府间气候变化专门委员会第5次评估报告)的7个全球海气耦合模式(Coupled Model Intercomparison Program 5,CMIP5)及模式集合平均对云南及周边地区气温和降水的模拟性能,同时进行该区域不同温室气体排放量情景下2006~2055年的气候预估。结果表明:全球海气耦合模式对该区域气温和降水气候场空间分布、气温的线性趋势和春、夏季降水的年代际振荡特征具有一定的模拟能力,且模式集合能力优于单一模式,气温模拟优于降水模拟,但春、夏季的降水好于其他季节,使得全年的总降水好于秋、冬两季。对未来情景预估表明,研究区域未来50年气温呈现显著的线性上升趋势,降水量保持年代际振荡特征并有所增加,2020年之前我国云南及其南部区域将经历相对的干旱时期。