The survey of touristry information system

1IntroductionofTouristryinformationSystem(TIS)1.1InformationdemandoftourismTourismisdependentoninfonnahon.FirSt,touriStlyconsumphondependsoninfo~on.Theincreaseofincomeandsparethee,andtheimprovementoftranSPOrtahonstimulatetouriStrydemandofthemasses,whetherthetouriStlydemandcanbe~edintotouriStryconsumphonreliesontheopthehcamechonresultingfromtouriStlySPotSanditScorrespondingseduceandinstallahons,apparenhy,itrelatesnotonlytothedjstinedonandqualityofthetouriStryresourcebutalsotoitSfame.msc…     

Comparisons between the reproductive biology of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Teleostei: Sparidae) in four estuaries with widely differing characteristics

The reproductive biology of Acanthopagrus butcheri has been studied in the permanently open Swan River and intermittently open Moore River estuaries on the lower west coast of Australia (31--32 °S) and in the permanently open Nornalup Walpole and normally closed Wellstead estuaries on the southern coast of Western Australia (34--35 °S). Trends exhibited by gonadosomatic indices, gonadal maturity stages and the sizes and developmental stages of the oocytes demonstrate that A. butcher typically spawns in spring and early summer. However, spawning occurred in salinities ranging from as low as 3.5-8 g L^–1 in the Moore River Estuary to as high as 41-45 g L^–1 in the Wellstead Estuary. Furthermore, water temperatures during spawning were greater in the two northern estuaries (19.7--28.5 °C) than in the two southern and cooler estuaries (17.5--23.4 °C). Histological studies strongly indicate that A. butcheri spawn more than once in a breeding season and demonstrate that the development of its oocytes exhibits group synchrony sensu de Vlaming (1983). The ages and total lengths at which, on average, female and male A. butcheri both first attain maturity in the Swan River Estuary were ca 2 years and ca 215 mm. However, the age at which individual fish in that system reach maturity was influenced by body size. This suggests that the attainment of first maturity at an older age but smaller length in the Moore River and Nornalup Walpole estuaries than is the case in the Swan River Estuary is a consequence of the slower growth rates of A. butcheri in those estuaries. The combination of the young age (ca 2 years) but small length (ca 145 mm) at which maturity is first attained in the Wellstead Estuary could have resulted from selection pressures brought about by high mortality rates and/or heavy fishing pressure in this estuary. The mean fecundity of A. butcheri, based on the combined number of yolk vesicle and yolk granule oocytes found in ovaries just prior to the onset of spawning, was 1580 × 10³. The significance of the sizes at first maturity, minimum legal length for capture, mesh selectivity data and closure of certain regions of estuaries to fishing for the management of the recreational and commercial fishery for A. butcheri is discussed.     

天山北坡中东段天然草地光谱植被指数特征

据１９９２－１９９４年天山北坡中东段各种主要天然草地类型混合牧草群落光谱观测资料,牧草产量资料分析发现,天然草地牧草产量与光谱被指数都具有季节变化特征,呈现出低到高,再由高到低的变化规律;天然草地光谱植被指数可以较了地反映牧草产量的年际变化和不同类型天然草地的产量差异,由于降水等自然条件的影响,牧草产量的年份,光谱植被指数也高,牧草产量低的年份,光谱植被指数也低。     

乌鲁木齐河灌区水资源利用及可持续管理

通过对乌鲁木齐河灌区历年供水和用水状况分析,提出了该灌区水资源可持续利用的对策,并针对城市用水逐年增加与水资源供需矛盾日益突出的形势,从水份分析入手,从水资源可持续管理的角度,提出了水资源高效利用与管理的对策 。     

西双版纳原始热带季节雨林净初级生产力

研究了西双版纳原始热带季节雨林生物量增量、凋落量、叶虫食量和净初级生产量.该雨林年平均净初级生产量为25.764 t/hm2.a,其中各层次的净初级生产量分别为:乔木层23.972 t/hm2.a(占总净初级生产量的93.04 %)、灌木层0.749 t/hm2.a (占2.91 %)、木质藤本层0.431 t/hm2.a(占1.67 %)、草本层0.612 t/hm2.a(占2.38 %).乔木层净初级生产量分配为:凋落量11.566 t/hm2.a、叶虫食量0.694 t/hm2.a和生物量增量11.712 t/hm2.a.     

Full scale decay test of a tanker: field data and theoretical analysis

This paper presents results from a full scale decay test made with a tanker in a relatively protected area in the Brazilian coast. In at least two tests the environmental loads (wind, waves and current) were very small and the time history of the surge motion was well behaved, making it possible to check some proposed models for the damping in the hull and mooring lines. Field data seem to confirm that the damping is indeed of the fluid viscosity type and the theoretical models are able to recover roughly 75% of the observed damping, the energy dissipation in the mooring lines being, by far, the major contribution. The remaining 25% are likely due to non modeled effects, such as the environment influence, which although small and not measured certainly exists, and to the friction between the mooring lines and the seabed.     

Production of the Crab Elamenopsis kempiHymenosomatidae in the Garmat-Ali Region, Basrah, Iraq

Abstract. The production of the hymenosomatid crab Elamenopsis kempi was calculated for a period of 18 months from a subtidal area of the Garmat-Ali river, southern Iraq. The highest average individual somatic energy was attained in spring. Maximum population biomass and production were attained by the summer cohort and the minimum values were exhibited by the overwintering cohort. The fluctuations of the average population biomass were followed throughout the sampling period. Average total annual population production was 13.2 g DW · m^-2· a^-1 and the P/B ratio was 5.9. These values were compared with those of the most common crustaceans in the region.     

辽河三角洲地区海平面上升趋势及其影响评估

根据潮位资料分析,辽河三角洲平原和辽东湾东岸近四五十年来相对海平面处于上升趋势,从70年代以来平均每年上升量为5mm左右.考虑到辽河三角洲平原地面下沉以及全球性海平面将加速上升,预计下个世纪内,辽河三角洲平原相对海平面上升的速率将达到8-10mm/a,到2050年相对海平面上升量将达到40～55cm.利用遥感和地理信息系统,对不同的海平面上升量将造成的土地淹没损失进行了预测.如不加防护,相对海平面上升0.5m时,将淹没近4000km2,包括整个营口市区和半个盘锦市区;上升1.0m时,将淹没5000km2.对海平面上升将造成海岸侵蚀、风暴潮和洪涝等灾害加剧等影响也进行了分析.     

Estimation of standing stock of chlorophylla and primary production from remote-sensed ocean color in the Oyashio region, the Western subarctic Pacific, during the spring bloom in 1997

In order to examine the applicability of remotely-sensed ocean color for the estimation of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in the Oyashio region, the western subarctic Pacific, vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentration and primary production were observed in April and May 1997. Spring bloom was observed in both April and May, and the surface concentration of chlorophylla exceeded 40 mg m⁻³. The relationship between the standing stocks of chlorophylla within the layer from the sea surface to one optical depth (0–1/k layer) and the surface chlorophylla concentration is expressed as a Michaelis-Menten equation. The mean ratio of the standing stock of chlorophylla in the euphotic layer to that in the 0–1/k layer was 4.41, this ratio did not significantly differ from 4.61 which was obtained at homogeneous distribution of chlorophylla within the euphotic layer. These facts suggest that the distribution of chlorophylla could be assumed to be homogeneous in the euphotic layer during the spring bloom. Results of primary production measurements by simulatedin situ method were compared with those by an algorithm with two variables; chlorphylla and non-spectral PAR. Daily primary production in the euphotic layer estimated by the algorithm varied in a range of 38–274% of that estimated by incubation, although the primary productions by the algorithm agreed with those by the incubation at a half of stations. Primary production within the euphotic layer calculated using simply the surface data was the same as that estimated using vertical distribution of chlorophylla. These results show that the primary production in the euphotic layer may be estimated from the remote sensed measurements during the spring bloom in the Oyashio region.