Nutrients,light and phytoplankton production in the shallow,tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay,Southern Thailand

Phytoplankton primary production and its regulation by light and nutrient availability were investigated in the shallow, tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay, Southern Thailand. The bay was meso‐eutrophicated and highly turbid, receiving river water discharge. Water column stratification was consistently weak during both rainy and dry seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was higher off the river mouth than in the other regions, suggesting that river water discharge was a main source of DIN. By contrast, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) showed a significant negative correlation with total water depth, implying that regeneration around the sea floor was an important source of DIP. Surface DIN and DIP showed positive correlations with surface primary production (PP) and water column primary productivity (ΣPP*), respectively. The combined correlation and model analyses indicate that total water depth had an ambivalent influence on water column primary production (ΣPP); shallower water depth induced more active regeneration of nutrients, but it also caused higher turbidity and lower light availability as a result of enhanced resuspension of sediments. Furthermore, there was a vertical constraint for phytoplankton during the rainy season: total water depth tended to be shallower than euphotic zone depth. In conclusion, light limitation and vertical constraint owing to shallow water depth appear to be more important than nutrient limitation for water column primary production in Bandon Bay.     

Environmental factors influencing aggregation of manta rays (Manta birostris) off the northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula

Manta rays inhabit tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. Aggregation sites of manta rays have been recognized worldwide, but the reasons for this behavior are still poorly understood. This study describes environmental factors influencing aggregation sites of the giant manta ray (Manta birostris) off the northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Observations of manta rays were obtained from scientific surveys conducted during 2006–2011. Environmental data were obtained from satellite imagery. The maximum entropy (Maxent) method for habitat modeling was used to determine the effects of environmental conditions on the species and predict suitable habitat for manta rays in this region. Primary productivity and distance to the coast were the most influential variables, suggesting that aggregation occurs in highly productive coastal waters. The distribution of manta rays predicted by the Maxent model showed that the most suitable habitat within the study area is located off the northeastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, more precisely, northeast of Isla Holbox and northwest of Isla Contoy. Seasonal patterns of distribution suggest that the most suitable conditions are present from July through September.     

2009年冬季南海北部浮游植物粒度分级生物量和初级生产力

2009年2月在南海北部海域现场观测粒度分级叶绿素a质量浓度和初级生产力(PP)的分布。结果表明,调查海域水柱平均叶绿素a质量浓度的变化范围为0.11～8.37 mg/m³,平均为(1.28±2.23) mg/m³,高值区出现在珠江口及近岸海域;初级生产力的范围为344.8～1 222.5 mgC/(m²·d),平均为(784.2±351.4) mgC/(m²·d),高值区位于近岸及陆架海域。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较高的近岸海域,叶绿素a的粒级结构以小型浮游植物占优势,其贡献率为40.9%,微型和微微型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率分别为34.6%和24.5%;而在生物量较低的陆坡和开阔海域,各粒级浮游植物对叶绿素a的贡献率由大到小依次为微微型浮游植物(78.9%),微型浮游植物(17.2%)和小型浮游植物(3.9%)。相关性分析结果表明,调查海域分级叶绿素a的区域化分布特征与洋流运动下营养盐的分布密切相关,同时叶绿素a又高度影响着此区域PP的分布。此外,我们将调查海域实测所得浮游植物最佳光合作用速率与采用垂向归一化初级生产力模型估算的数据进行对比,发现后者明显低于前者,这说明通过水温估算最佳光合作用速率的算法在冬季南海北部可能存在低估。     

基于磁偶极子的频率域电磁系统几何误差分析

基于磁偶极子模型的频率域电磁法仪器在进行大地探测的过程中,由于收发线圈的安装误差、晃动以及材料的几何形变等因素影响,收发线圈的位置及姿态角发生变化,从而产生几何误差,而几何误差的定量分析对频率域电磁法仪器在制作、野外实验操作以及校正方面均具有很强的指导意义。本文根据误差来源的不同,将几何误差分为一次场误差和二次场误差两类;通过引入一次场张量矩阵和二次场张量矩阵,基于均匀大地模型正演得到9种线圈架构接收线圈接收到的一次场及二次场,并以微分的方式定量地分析了9种线圈架构收发线圈位置及姿态角变化引起几何误差的变化特征。对9种线圈架构的几何误差分析可知:在几何形变引入的一次场误差中,仅有PERyz、PERzy线圈架构不包含位置变化的一次项误差,仅有VCA、VCP及HCP线圈架构不包含姿态角变化的一次项误差;在几何形变引入的二次场误差中,PERzx、PERxz线圈架构最大,而VCA、VCP及HCP线圈架构受高度及收发距变化的影响很大,需要实时测量并进行校正,VCP线圈架构受收发距变化以及姿态角变化的影响最小。     

基于NPP数据和样区对比法的青藏高原自然保护区保护成效分析

在青藏高原选择11个代表性自然保护区,基于高寒草地植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Production,简写NPP）变化过程数据,比较分析了自然保护区与其相邻等面积区域的NPP变化差异;采用样区对比法,在自然保护区内外选取21组对比样区,比较自然保护区建立前后及其内外的生态状况,评估了自然保护区的保护成效。研究表明：1. 1982-2009年间,82%的代表性自然保护区NPP比保护区周邻区域及青藏高原的平均水平低,反映了自然保护区的生态系统状况更为脆弱;2. 在代表性自然保护区中,曼则塘自然保护区的NPP增长趋势最为明显,塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区的NPP增长趋势最弱;除色林错自然保护区外,以草甸和湿地为主的自然保护区NPP增速明显高于以草原与荒漠草地为主的自然保护区;3. 代表性样区的研究发现：① 自然保护区内76%以上的样区和国家级保护区内82%以上的样区NPP增加幅度明显高于保护区外对应样区的增幅;② 取得明显保护效果的有中昆仑、长沙贡玛、若尔盖和色林错等自然保护区;曼则塘自然保护区的东南部边缘地区和塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区的北部边缘地区的效果不明显,可能与保护区及其周邻地区人类扰动增强密切相关;③ 高寒草甸类型自然保护区的保护效果最为显著,高寒草原类型自然保护区的保护效果较差。本研究展示了样区对比法在评估大区域生态变化中所具有的独特优势,其关键在于科学设计样区并进行合理的空间抽样。     

新疆博格达东段多金属矿带化探原生晕与激电测量相结合的找矿效果

新疆博格达东段地表岩石风化剥蚀严重,直接找矿标志不明显,以大功率激电中梯测量为辅助功能的大比例尺岩石地球化学测量方法对发现和圈定隐伏矿体起到了重要作用。研究区原生晕微量元素定量分析结果表明,Cu、Zn、Mo、As等4种元素在勘查区为强富集元素,Pb、Sn、Co、Ba为富集元素,单元素具有水平分带性。根据化探原生晕元素组合特点及空间分布特征,以单元素异常下限值和陆壳克拉克值为划分标准,圈定了4个Ⅲ级化探异常带,异常评价初步认为Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo-As-Sn-Co-Ba-Fe-Ni-Hg多元素叠加异常区为找矿有利区。选择元素共生组合特点较明显的三个异常带开展大功率激电工作并进行化探异常的验证,最后在推断出的成矿有利部位布设钻孔并见矿。初步认为预测区成矿地质条件有利于形成黄铁矿型铜矿床。     

The geobiological formation process of the marine source rocks in the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation of South China

The Chihsia Formation is one of the four sets of regional marine hydrocarbon source rocks from South China.In the past two decades,detailed geochemical and sedimentological studies have been carried out to investigate its origination,which have demonstrated that the high primary productivity plays a primary role in the deposition of sediments enriched in the organic matter.However,the mechanism of this high productivity and the path of the deposition and burial of the organic matter have always been a mystery.Based on the previous studies on the Shangsi Section in Guangyuan City,Sichuan Province,we proposed that the development of the equatorial upwelling due to the sea level rise is responsible for the relatively high productivity in the Chihsia Formation.The sea waters with high nutrient were transported by the sub-surface currents along the equator.High organic carbon flux was deposited on the deeper shelf,and then decomposed by bacteria,leading to the occurrence of anaerobic respiration.The metabolism of the microorganisms consumed the dissolved oxygen in waters,which was in favor of the preservation of the organic matter.This suggested geobiological model integrating with paleoclimatology,paleoceanography and geomicrobiology will help us to understand the causes of this particular sedimentary sequence.     

让压锚索在边坡支护中的应用试验研究及摩阻力问题的探讨

为研究让压锚索在边坡支护中的自身让压特性,获取让压实测资料,以江西洪屏电站高边坡为工程背景,结合图强工程材料有限公司研发的新型让压锚索,针对不同锚索长度、自由段长度等各种工况进行了现场试验,试验表明：在让压锚索张拉过程中,部分锚索出现了让压滑移现象,让压效果显著;但让压时,长锚索孔口张拉力与设计基础让压力相差很大,说明锚索孔口张拉力并未如理想状态那样全部传递给锚孔内部的锚索,而是很大一部分孔口拉力将用来克服锚索与锚孔之间的摩阻力,且量值上已达到不容忽视的程度。试验同时揭示了锚索长度、锚固长度、锚束及锚孔施工质量对摩阻力的大小起到关键性影响,锚索长度、自由段长度越长、锚束越多、锚孔质量越差,则摩阻力越大。并据此提出了未来边坡防护锚索设计中重点关注及有待于进一步研究的内容。     

区域公共服务设施优化配置方法研究——以大连市甘井子区兴华街道小学配置为例

利用GIS网络分析技术可真实模拟可达性,实现设施优化布局。以大连市甘井子区兴华街道小学配置为例研究,在借鉴以往研究成果基础上,结合公安部门统计数据,通过实地调研,兼顾流动人口,利用GIS技术构建网络分析数据集,采用最小化阻抗模型和最大化覆盖范围模型比较研究,确定研究区小学配置方案。结论表明,基于最大覆盖范围原则的小学选址更合理。保持区域原有的兴华小学、松江路小学、千山路小学、华中小学和芙蓉小学5 所小学在原区位继续运行,在2 号和45号点位再配置2所小学,较为合理。     

河北丰宁牛圈银矿床原生晕特征及深部预测

牛圈银矿是冀北地区重要的独立型银矿床.对其原生晕统计分析研究表明,所测微量元素基本都服从对数正态分布,矿床原生晕指示元素组合为Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Mn As Sb;Bi Hg;Mo Sb.在矿体上盘出现头晕元素与尾晕元素相叠加的情况,说明1 150 m剖面以下具有良好的矿化前景.