Environmental factors affecting regional differences and decadal variations in the buried flux of marine organic carbon in eastern shelf sea areas of China

To characterize environmental factors controlling decadal-scale variations in the buried flux of marine organic carbon(BF_(C_m)) in the eastern shelf sea areas of China(ECSS),four well preserved sediment cores collected from the central Yellow Sea mud(CYSM) area,the Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC) area and the Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) were investigated in this study.In the CYSM,variations in BF_(C_m) were found to be dependent on variations in primary productivity and to exhibit a cyclical trend possibly related to fluctuations in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) and the East Asian winter monsoon index(EAWM).In the YSCC,BF_(C_m) likewise depends on primary productivity.Prior to the 1950s,variations in BF_(C_m) were similar to that of the EAWM.After the 1950s,BF_(C_m) increased rapidly and exhibited maximum values in the surface layer,consistent with an increase in primary productivity caused by the input of terrestrial nutrients associated with China's economic development.In the CRE,variations in BF_(C_m) were affected by several competing factors making it difficult to identify clear relationships between variations in BF_(C_m) and primary productivity.In contrast,long-term variability in BF_(C_m) is more similar to changes in the Changjiang River sediment load.Thus,it is speculated that the construction of dams along the Changjiang River may be the main cause of variations in BF_(C_m) in this area.Given the disproportionate effects of human activities on marine environments and decadal variations in BF_(C_m) in the ECSS,careful attention should be paid to regional differences in organic carbon preservation and environmental changes lest estimates of these values be made imprecise or inaccurate.     

Alteration and primary geochemical dispersion associated with the Bulletin lode-gold deposit, Wiluna, Western Australia

The Bulletin lode-gold deposit is within the northernmost part of the Norseman–Wiluna greenstone belt in the Archaean Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. It is located within a brittle–ductile shear zone and hosted by tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks. Syn-metamorphic wallrock alteration envelops the gold mineralisation and is pervasive throughout the entire shear zone and extends up to 150 m into the undeformed wallrocks. Alteration is characterised by the sequence of distal chlorite–calcite, intermediate calcite–dolomite, outer proximal sericite and inner proximal dolomite–sericite zones. The thickness of the alteration envelope, and the occurrence of dolomite in the alteration sequence, can be used as a rough guide to the width, extent and grade of gold mineralisation, because a positive correlation exists between these variables. Mass transfer evaluations indicate that chemical changes related to the wallrock alteration are similar in all host rocks: in general, Ag, As, Au, Ba, CO₂, K, Rb, S, Sb, Te and W are enriched, Na and Y are depleted, and Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Nb, Ni, P, Se, V, Zn and Zr are immobile, while Ca, Si and Sr show only minor or negligible relative changes. The degree of mobility of each component increases with proximity to gold mineralisation. The largest potential exploration targets are possibly defined by regional As (>6 ppm) and Sb (>0.6 ppm) anomalies. These anomalies, if real, extend laterally for >150 m from the mineralised shear zone into areas of apparently unaltered rocks. Anomalies defined by Te (>10 ppb), W (>0.6 ppm), carbonation indices, local enrichment of Sb (>2.0 ppm) and As (>28 ppm), and potassic alteration indices also form significant exploration targets extending beyond the HJB shear zone and the Au anomaly (>6 ppb) and, locally, into apparently unaltered rock. Gold, itself, has a restricted dispersion, with an anomaly extending for 1–35 m from ore, and being restricted to within the shear zone itself. Amongst individual geochemical parameters, only As and Sb define significant, consistent and smooth trends (vectors) when laterally approaching the ore. However, the respective dimensions of individual geochemical anomalies can be used as an extensive, though stepwise, vector towards ore.     

A new smooth hysteretic model for ductile flexural‐dominated reinforced concrete bridge columns

A new smooth hysteretic model is proposed for ductile, flexural‐dominated reinforced concrete bridge columns. Four columns designed per modern seismic codes were tested using monotonically increasing and variable‐amplitude cyclic loading protocols and ground motion loading to develop the model. Based on the test results, hysteretic rules for damage accumulation and path dependence of reloading were constructed. For damage accumulation, unloading stiffness degradation is correlated with the maximum displacement and hysteretic energy dissipation, while reloading stiffness degradation is set equal to the unloading stiffness degradation. Pinching severity is related to the residual displacement in the direction opposite to the loading direction. Strength deterioration is correlated with the damage index and does not occur until the damage index reaches a threshold, after which the deterioration is proportional to the increase of the damage index. For path dependence of reloading, reloading paths are classified into primary paths and associate paths. The primary paths are those that start from a residual displacement that is equal to or larger than the previous maximum one. The associate paths are those that do not belong to primary paths and tend to be directed towards certain points. Reloading without load reversal is assumed to be linear. Comparison with the results of pseudo‐dynamic tests using three consecutive ground motions showed that the proposed model closely matched the test results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水温、光能对春季太湖藻类生长的耦合影响

环境因素对藻类生长的影响机制是探讨蓝藻水华暴发的基础,其中水温和光能均是影响藻类生长的关键物理因子.基于2015年春季于太湖观测的11次藻类总初级生产力、水温廓线和营养盐浓度等,探讨水温、光能及营养盐对藻类生长过程的影响.结果表明:春季,水温、光能是影响藻类生长的关键因素,而营养盐的影响贡献相对较弱.深层水体中光能是藻类生长的关键性限制因子,浅层表现为水温、光能的共同影响,而表层主要表现为光能的抑制.水温的升高促进藻类对光能的获取和利用,提高光抑制的光能阈值,造成深层水体中光能限制程度的加强,藻类生长呈现光限制的深度变浅.本研究有利于确定气候变化下水生生态系统演变的方向,为水生生态系统的恢复提供理论依据.     

海洋水色遥感产品在青海湖鱼产潜力估算中的应用

鱼产潜力可为渔业资源保护和管理提供科技支撑,传统的鱼产潜力估算方法在大型湖泊中往往成本高、采样率低、时效差.本研究基于2018—2020年非冰封期(5—10月)在青海湖的实测数据,通过提取和校对海洋水色遥感MODIS卫星数据反演产品(1 km分辨率)并结合垂向归纳模型(VGPM)构建了青海湖浮游植物初级生产力及鱼产潜力估算模型,估算的浮游植物初级生产力与实测值对比的平均相对误差小于25%.利用该模型估算2018—2020年非冰封期青海湖基于浮游植物初级生产力的鱼产潜力并分析其时空分布规律,结果显示青海湖鱼产潜力在5—10月呈现先增加后减少的季节波动规律,最大值出现在夏季(7—8月);空间分布上呈现湖心小,岸边及靠近入湖支流河口区域大的分布状态,全湖总鱼产潜力月均变化范围为2.5万~17.6万t.鱼产潜力的时空分布规律主要受气温、外源营养物质、裸鲤摄食等影响.研究表明青海湖非冰封期的鱼类资源承载力年累计值可达45.8万t,明显高于现有裸鲤资源的现存量和历史产量高峰值,表明青海湖仍然具备很大的鱼类资源承载力与增殖空间.本研究为同类型的大型高原湖泊基于卫星遥感的高效长期鱼产潜力监测估算提供了范例,为青海湖“封湖育鱼”政策制定和增殖放流保护决策提供参考.     

江汉平原长湖浮游植物初级生产力的季节性变化及其驱动因子

为探究长江中下游富营养化浅水湖泊的浮游植物初级生产力季节性演替特征及其驱动因子,本研究于2020年4月(春)、8月(夏)、10月(秋)及2021年1月(冬)对湖北长湖浮游植物进行采样调查,同时运用黑白瓶测氧法及VGPM模型估算法分别估算了其浮游植物生产力水平,并探究驱动初级生产力季节性变化的主要环境因子。结果显示,4个季节共鉴定出浮游植物194种,其中绿藻门(95种,49%)和硅藻门(40种,21%)居绝对优势地位;黑白瓶法测得浮游植物水柱总生产力(P_t)季节变化为:夏季((1841.24±345.93) mg C/(m²·d))>秋季((1324.14±208.34) mg C/(m²·d))>春季((847.50±247.72) mg C/(m²·d))>冬季((711.43±133.52) mg C/(m²·d)),其中M2站位在夏季采样时(2424.66 mg C/(m²·d))水柱总生产力最高;在垂直空间上,浮游植物总生产力(G...     

内蒙古撰山子金矿成矿作用与成晕作用中元素行为差异分析及研究意义

金矿在成矿作用与成晕作用中元素行为是有差异的,而矿化强度、矿化类型是影响元素行为差异的主要因素。通过对元素行为差异的成因分析,便于正确选择指示元素,合理确定指标参数以及原生晕信息可信度的确立,以便合理地利用原生晕地球化学信息。     

新疆梧南金矿床原生晕特征与深部预测

梧南金矿床是天山构造带新发现的产于碳酸盐岩地层的微细浸染型金矿.在野外调研、总结矿床地质特征基础上,对该矿床地球化学特征、地表和钻孔中原生晕分布规律进行了专题研究,首次确定了梧南金矿床原生晕轴向分带序列(Au-Bi-Cu-Mo-Hg-Sb-Ag-As-Pb-Zn),探讨了隐伏矿信息,并进行了深部成矿预测.     

2000—2015年塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区NPP时空动态特征及其影响因素

以塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区为研究对象,基于植被NPP、气象、土地利用/覆盖、河流等数据,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、地理探测器等方法,探究了塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区2000—2015年植被NPP时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1） 在空间尺度上,塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区2000—2015年年均植被NPP为32.25 gC·m^-2·a^-1,变化范围在5.16~303.87 gC·m^-2·a^-1之间;年均NPP呈现出以塔里木河干流为带向周边波动递减的空间分布特征。（2） 在时间尺度上,16 a间保护区植被NPP呈现波动增长趋势,年均增加值为0.523 8 gC·m^-2·a^-1,在2001—2002年和2011—2012年出现突变性上升,2007—2008年出现突变性下降。（3） 影响植被NPP分异的核心因素为土地利用/覆盖、蒸散发、降水、河流缓冲区等,且由多因子协同作用造成;同时,地下水埋深对植被NPP变化有着重要影响。