Sliding mode fuzzy control: Theory and verification on a benchmark structure

A sliding mode fuzzy control (SMFC) algorithm is presented for vibration reduction of large structures. The rule base of the fuzzy inference engine is constructed based on the sliding mode control, which is one of the non‐linear control algorithms. In general, fuzziness of the controller makes the control system robust against the uncertainties in the system parameters and the input excitation, and the non‐linearity of the control rule makes the controller more effective than linear controllers. For verification of the present algorithm, a numerical study is carried out on the benchmark problem initiated by the ASCE Committee on Structural Control. To achieve a high level of realism, various aspects are considered such as actuator–structure interaction, sensor noise, actuator time delay, precision of the A/D and D/A converters, magnitude of control force, and order of control model. Performance of the SMFC is examined in comparison with those of other control algorithms such as H_{mixed 2/∞}, optimal polynomial control, neural networks control, and SMC, which were reported by other researchers. The results indicate that the present SMFC is efficient and attractive, since the vibration responses of the structure can be reduced very effectively and the design procedure is simple and convenient. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ETABS的钢筋混凝土框架与楼梯共同工作性能分析

本文利用大型结构分析软件ETABS设计了4种包含和不包含楼梯的钢筋混凝土框架计算模型,分别采用底部剪力法、反应谱法和时程分析法对各模型进行了弹性阶段地震反应特性对比计算分析.结果显示:楼梯参与结构整体计算后,结构出现抗侧刚度明显增加、结构扭转振动显著、梯间框架柱剪力突变等现象;建议结构设计时采用包含楼梯的层间结构计算模型(M-4),使用振型分解反应谱法进行结构抗震分析计算.     

Reservoir Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of the Mesozoic Granite Buried Hills in the Deep‐water of the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea

Due to its structure,rock and mineral composition,fluid and other factors,the granite Buried Hill Reservoir is highly heterogeneous with a complex longitudinal structure and a reservoir space made up of a combination of dissolution pores and fractures.This paper is based on current understanding of tectonic evolution in the northern part of the South China Sea,in conjunction with the seismic phase characteristics.It is determined that the meshed fault system was formed by three stages of movement-tectonic compression orogeny during the Indochinese epoch,strike-slip compression-tension during the Yanshanian Period,early fracture extension activation during the Himalayan-which controlled the distribution of the Buried Hill Reservoir.Drilling revealed two types of buried hills,faulted anticline and fault horst,their longitudinal structure and the reservoir space type being significantly different.The mineral composition,reservoir space and diagenetic characteristics of the reservoir rocks and minerals were analyzed by lithogeochemistry,micro section and logging etc.,it thus being determined that the Mesozoic rocks of the Songnan Low Uplift in the Qiongdongnan Basin are mainly composed of syenogranite,granodiorite,monzogranite,which is the material basis for the development of the Buried Hill Reservoir.The content of felsic and other brittle minerals is more than 70%,making it easy for it to be transformed into fractures.At the same time,the weathering resistance of granodiorite and monzogranite is weaker than that of syenogranite,which is easily weathered and destroyed,forming a thick sand gravel weathering zone.With increasing depth of burial,weathering and dissolution gradually weaken,the deep acidic fluid improving the reservoir property of internal fractures and expanding the vertical distribution range of the reservoirs.The research results lay a foundation for the exploration of Buried Hill in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

南黄海盆地“三明治”结构的页岩气保存条件探讨

为了促进南黄海盆地中-古生界页岩气勘探的早日突破,开展了美国福特沃斯盆地巴奈特页岩气藏、四川盆地页岩气藏以及贵州潜在页岩气藏保存条件的对比研究。结果显示,“三明治”结构的保存条件在页岩气成藏中至关重要,其中,“三明治”结构是指泥岩/页岩层与其顶、底板的灰岩/白云岩层构成的一种很好的储-盖组合。结合下扬子中-古生界发育特征以及南黄海崂山隆起所具有的古生代构造变形弱且隆起两侧边缘存在逆冲断层封堵等条件认为,南黄海盆地下寒武统和二叠系很可能存在“三明治”结构的页岩气保存条件,是南黄海页岩气获得突破的关键层段;而崂山隆起两侧边缘很可能是页岩气钻探的首选目标。     

张宣幔枝构造的成矿作用研究

地幔热柱具有多级演化特征。河淮亚热柱顶部地幔物质以薄板状斜插至燕山造山带之下，燕山造山带轴部东西向尚义－赤城韧性剪切带与太行山构造岩浆带轴部北北东向乌龙沟－上黄旗韧性剪切带交汇叠加，使深部中下地壳应变软化岩石及深部幔源物质减压释荷产生深熔岩浆并上侵，从而加速了造山带的上隆速度，并可形成地幔热柱的第三级构造单元——幔枝构造。其中隆升较快的地段发育成为典型的变质核杂岩构造。幔枝构造控制着构造变形－岩浆活动－蚀变变质－成矿作用统一体系，并形成与幔枝构造密切相关的内带为金（铜钼）、外带为银（铅锌）多金属的成矿系列。论述了不同构造部位的成矿特征及其相关性、统一性。据此提出了在有利构造部位（参照已有矿点分布）扩大找矿和向深部扩大找矿的认识。     

豫西南铅锌银矿集区深部构造与成矿作用

豫西南地区是我国中部重要的多金属成矿远景区,找矿前景巨大.本文中利用重力、航磁和深部地球物理剖面资料,解析研究区三维岩石圈结构,揭示深部构造特征,进而探讨深部成矿作用.结果表明,研究区莫霍面顶面形态基本上呈东高西低,地壳厚度由东向西增大.壳-幔结构的不均一性制约着成矿系统物质和能量的交换.矿集区位于幔向斜内,其地壳增厚处、莫霍面的梯度变化处或变形部位成矿强度大.幔背斜与幔向斜之间过渡带有走向超壳型深大断裂(如栾川断裂和朱阳关断裂),其与次级断裂的交汇处,岩浆、变质与成矿作用十分强烈,深部通道为成矿物质来源提供了较好的成矿条件,因此是形成大型、超大型矿床的有利地段.     

PROTEM-37瞬变电磁测深系统及应用实例

PROTEM - 37仪器具有分辨率高、动态范围大、抗干扰能力强、探测深度较大等优良性能。简要介绍了该仪器的测深原理、工作装置、野外施工步骤以及资料的处理解释。对TEM和MT资料的联合反演作了有益的尝试。介绍了该仪器在探测地下洞穴、勘察金属矿以及煤田水文地质调查等方面     

基于OpenSees平台的钢管混凝土结构力学性能数值模拟

基于非线性纤维梁-柱单元理论,以OpenSees为求解平台分别进行了钢管混凝土结构滞回曲线计算和弹塑性动力时程分析等数值模拟,计算结果与试验吻合良好。钢管内核心混凝土采用考虑钢管约束效应的应力—应变关系,钢材采用随动强化本构模型。在传统纤维模型法的基础上,通过直接在截面层次定义非线性剪切恢复力的方法建立了考虑非线性剪切效应的剪力墙结构数值模型,结果表明该模型能较好地模拟组合剪力墙的抗剪承载力、捏缩效应以及刚度退化等力学性能。对输入不同地震波下钢管混凝土框架体系的动力时程分析表明,基于OpenSees求解平台的非线性纤维模型法能够较好地模拟钢管混凝土框架结构的非线性动力特性。     

Neotectonics of the Kharaulakh sector of the Laptev Shelf

Seismotectonic deformation and crustal stress pattern have been studied comprehensively in major seismogenic structures of the Kharaulakh sector of the Verkhoyansk fold system and adjacent parts of the Chersky seismotectonic zone. The study focuses on neotectonic structures, deep structure, and systems of active faults, as well as tectonic stress fields inferred by tectonophysical analysis of Late Cenozoic faults and folds. The results, along with geological and geophysical data, reveal main strain directions and structural patterns of crustal stress and strain in the Arctic segment of the Eurasia-North America plate boundary. The area is a junction of mid-ocean and continental structures evolving in a mixed setting of extension, compression, and their various combinations. The rotation pole of the two plates is presumably located near Buor-Khaya Bay. In this case, extension is expected to act currently upon the neotectonic structures north of the bay and compression to control those in the south and southeast. This inference is consistent with the identified zoning of stress and strain in the Kharaulakh sector.     

Satellite and ship observations of Kuroshio warm-core ring 93A off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, in spring 1997

Synoptic ship and satellite observations were performed of the Kuroshio warm-core ring (KWCR) 93A and its adjacent waters, off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, between early April and late June 1997. The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophylla (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature in the study area were analyzed using data from ADEOS Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial variability of the spring bloom and understand its relationship with the changes in the hydrographic structure of these waters in and around KWCR 93A. The maximum value of Chl-a concentration in the ring was less than 1 mg/m³ during April. The spring bloom in the ring occurred early in May and the relatively high maximum (>1.0 mg/m³) continued from early in May to mid-June. In late June, a ship-observed surface Chl-a concentration of less than 0.4 mg/m³ suggests that the spring bloom had already declined in and around KWCR 93A. Double spiral structures of warm and cold streamers appeared from late April to mid-May, which may have an influence on the occurrence of the spring bloom in and around the ring. In this episodic event, the warm streamer can maintain the available potential energy of the ring and the strength of upwelling around the ring. The cold streamer provided water with a high Chl-a concentration to the surface layer of the ring. In order to understand the temporal and spatial variability of Chl-a distribution in the ring, the behavior of the warm and cold streamers needs to be taken into consideration.