Cyg X-1频谱的细微结构

利用线性状态空间模型（Ｌｉｎｅａｒ Ｓｔａｔｅ Ｓｐａｃｅ Ｍｏｄｅｌ－ＬＳＳＭ）,将 Ｃｙｇ Ｘ－１的功率谱分解为ＬＳＳＭ产生的模型功率谱和剩余功率谱两部分．集中分析剩余功率谱,结果显示, Ｃｙｇ Ｘ－１在低／硬态、转换态和高／软态三种状态的剩余功率谱有着不同的结构特征．其中高／软态和低／硬态的剩余功率谱存在一个宽峰结构,中心频率分别为～ ８ Ｈｚ和～ ５ Ｈｚ,低／硬态的剩余功率诺在～ ０．０７ Ｈｚ达到极大;转换态的剩余功率谱有双峰结构,其中心频率分别在～０．５—４Ｈｚ和～５—１１Ｈｚ,与我们以前分析的 ＱＰＯ的中心频率很接近,说明 ＱＰＯ与线性状态空间所要求的自回归模型可能属于不同的物理过程．与总功率谱比较,剩余功率谱对谱的变化部分（例如ＱＰＯ、截断频率等）更为敏感,本文对剩余功率谱中谱峰变化的原因做了初步的探讨．     

太阳宁静区磁场的功率谱分析

利用１９９８年１０月３日北京天文台怀柔太阳观测站的高质量磁图,对给定的太阳宁静区两种不同极性的磁场进行了功率谱分析．结果表明,空间功率谱在超米粒和中米粒尺度具有明显的尖峰结构,这对应于空间周期性分布的网络和内网络磁结构．结果也显示出,超米粒边缘所包含的两种极性场中,其中的一种极性占优势．通过瞬态功率谱的分析,得出网络和内网络场寿命之间的比例关系,这一结果和其他学者得出的超米粒和中米粒对流寿命之间的关系相符．     

Containment and counter-containment: planner/community relations in conservation planning

Critical analyses of public involvement in conservation projects in developing countries commonly point toward imbalances of power between project agencies and communities and the persistence of top-down patterns of decision-making. Taking an actor-oriented research approach, this paper probes beneath the surface patterns to analyse the complex socio-political mechanisms at work in the negotiating arena represented by public participation in project planning. The discussion is based on a case study of community involvement in the planning of protected areas in Belize. Detailed analysis of the power relations and tactical interactions between different actors in the negotiating arenas revealed that planner/community relations in the case study were dominated by a process identified as 'containment'. Containment refers to a strategic management of public involvement by the planning agencies, and it hinged on three fundamental social actions: avoidance of conflict; exclusion of dissent; and control over knowledge and procedure. Actions by local stakeholders that served to undermine containment constitute 'counter-containment'. The paper discusses these mechanisms in depth, before developing a comparative analytical framework of containment and counter-containment to help explain disparities in planning progress between different sites.     

中国能源消费与气候变化的关系

Energy consumption has an inevitable connection with economic level and climate. Based on selected data covering annual total energy consumption and its composition and that of all kinds of energy in 1953-1999, the annual residential energy consumption and the coal and electricity consumption in 1980-1999 in China, the acreage of crops under cultivation suffered from drought and flood annually and gross domestic product (GDP) in 1953-1999 in the whole country, and mean daily temperature data from 29 provincial meteorological stations in the whole country from 1970 to 1999, this paper divides energy consumption into socio-economic energy consumption and climatic energy consumption in the way of multinomial. Itchanges between the climate energy consumption andalso goes further into the relations and their changes between the climate energy consumptionenergy consumption and the economic level inand climate factor and between the socio-economic energy between the climate energy level in China with the method of statistical analysis. At present, there are obvious transitions in the changing relationships of the energy consumption to economy and climate, which comprises the transition of economic system from resource-intensive industry to technology-intensive industry and the transition of climatic driving factors of the energy consumption from driven by the disasters of drought and flood to driven by temperature.     

黑河中游二白杨叶面积指数动态变化及其与耗水量的关系

在黑河中游,利用直接法和热脉冲树干液流仪分别监测了二白杨生长季节的叶面积指数和耗水量动态变化,研究了二白杨叶面积指数动态变化规律及其与耗水量的关系.结果表明:在生长季节,二白杨叶面积指数的增长符合Logistic模型;在树冠结构垂直分布上,1 000~1 400 cm之间二白杨叶面积指数占全树叶面积指数的75.5%;二白杨个体间的叶面积指数与胸径平方和树高乘积呈指数函数关系.当单株叶面积指数从0.44增大到4.94时,二白杨耗水量从42.95 L·d^-1增加到140.30 L·d^-1.单株二白杨耗水量与叶面积指数之间呈现线性关系.     

热力隧道下穿地面建筑物的安全评价与对策

在北京市北三环路和平东桥－太阳宫西路段热力管线工程中,依据设计热力隧道要下穿一处面积为23.4 m× 24.5 m的地表一层砖砌群房。由于隧道埋藏浅,且所处于富水粉质粘土之中,其抗扰动能力很差,常规的施工降水对强化土体效果甚微,经评价认为,普通的施工方法必然会造成很大的地表沉降而危及地表房屋安全,同时,由于土体自稳能力极低,对施工亦存在很大的安全隐患。基于此,选定在不降水的条件下,采用水平长管棚支护技术和在隧道上半断面注浆技术,实现阻水、固土、均一沉降的目的,其有效地控制了土体沉降,保证了隧道安全贯通和地表建筑的安全使用。     

顾及垂线偏差的重力大地水准面差距内插法

指出传统距离加权内插法的不足,推导了垂线偏差同大地水准面差距偏导数的转换公式,在此基础上利用间接平差模型得到了顾及垂线偏差的重力大地水准面差距内插法,改进了传统距离加权平均法。     

光纤传感腐蚀监测研究

通过化学、物理的方法用金属敏感膜取代光纤的原始包层监测海洋环境中金属结构物的腐蚀状况。通过腐蚀前后光功率的变化表征腐蚀的发生和发展。     

潮流发电水轮机基于动量定理的性能计算方法研究

以潮流发电水轮机的设计为研究背景,分析和总结了基于动量定理方法的四种流管模型(单盘面-单流管模型、双盘面-单流管模型、单盘面-多流管模型和双盘面-多流管模型)在竖轴变攻角水轮机的水动力性能计算中的应用,特别是能量利用率预报方面的应用。说明基于动量定理的模型在求竖轴变攻角潮流发电水轮机的水动力性能方面,能够预报一些定性特性和总体趋势,为水轮机的设计和计算提供一种初步方法。     

Major ion chemistry of two cratonic rivers in the tropics: Weathering rates and their controlling factors

Continental weathering plays a dominant role in regulating the global carbon cycle, soil chemistry and nutrient supply to oceans. The CO₂-mediated silicate weathering acts as a major CO₂ sink, whereas sulphuric acid-mediated carbonate dissolution releases CO₂ to the atmosphere–ocean system. In this study, dissolved major ions and silica concentrations of two tropical (Damodar and Subarnarekha) river systems from India have been measured to constrain the type and rate of chemical weathering for these basins. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of these rivers, a measure of total solute supply from all possible sources, are about 2–3 times higher than that of the global average for rivers. Mass balance calculations involving inverse modelling estimate that 63 ± 11% of total cations are derived from rock weathering, of which 27 ± 7% of cations are supplied through silicate weathering. The sulphide-S concentrations are estimated by comparing the water chemistry of these two rivers with that of a nearby river (Brahmani) with similar lithology but no signatures of sulphide oxidation. The outflows of Damodar and Subarnarekha rivers receive 17% and 55% of SO₄ through sulphide oxidation, respectively. The sulphide oxidation fluxes from the ore mining areas, such as upper Damodar (0.52 × 10⁹ mol/yr) and lower Subarnarekha (0.66 × 10⁹ mol/yr) basins, are disproportionally (~9 times) higher compared to their fractional areal coverage to the global drainage area. The corresponding CO₂ release rate (2.84 × 10⁴ mol/km²/yr) for the Damodar basin is lower by five times than its CO₂ uptake rate (1.38 × 10⁵ mol/km²/yr). The outcomes of this study underscore the dominance of sulphide oxidation in controlling the dissolved chemical (cationic and sulphur) fluxes.