浅谈海洋风电勘察安全风险控制

海洋风电勘察不同于陆地,钻探要依靠水上平台,为了确保海洋勘察施工的安全,应考虑各种危险有害因素,及有效评估安全风险,再通过编制一系列的安全措施予以防范,以确保海洋勘察施工的需要。     

几种电法仪器在地质勘查中的应用

文章介绍了几类物探电法仪器的工作原理、技术特点和适用范围,强调了物探资料的合理解释必须与地质认识相结合的重要性,物探工作要做实做细,对物探原始资料要选择合理的方法与参量进行计算处理,结合一些具体的勘测实例,说明各种方法的有效性及其实际应用效果.     

基于热流固耦合的增强型地热有机朗肯循环发电系统性能分析

本文建立了耦合井筒、热储、有机朗肯循环发电系统的详细数学模型, 包括三维非稳态热流固耦合模型和有机朗肯循环发电系统热动力学模型, 参考青海省共和县恰卜恰干热岩体地热地质特征, 包括压裂储层、围岩、裂隙、井筒等特征参数, 研究了注入流量、注入温度和井间距对系统净输出功、年均净输出功和热效率的影响规律。结果表明: 在一定的注入流量、注入温度和净间距下, 随着时间的推移, 岩石孔隙压力和热应力作用使得裂隙渗透率增大, 注入泵功耗是降低的, 净输出功和热效率也是降低的。注入流量的增大提高了膨胀机轴功、注入泵功耗和生产温度衰减速率, 进而导致热效率降低, 存在最优的注入流量50 kg/s, 使得年均净输出功达到最大值1 470.1 kW。注入温度的增大可以提高系统热效率, 降低净输出功的年均衰减速率, 当注入温度为60 ℃时, 年均净输出功最大。井间距的增大减缓了生产温度的衰减速率, 有利于热效率的提高, 但是也同时也增大了膨胀机轴功和注入泵功耗。当分支井间距为450 m时, 年均净输出功达到最大值1 497.3 kW。此研究可为增强地热发电系统的开发利用提供指导。     

Comparative Study of the Carbon Emission Situation and Goals between China and India

As the two large developing and populous countries, China and India face the dual challenges of economic development and climate change. Both of them are active in carbon emissions reduction, while India also bears the pressure of being “benchmarked” against China. With taking China and India as the sample of a comparative analysis, and the statistical value of a long sequence as the basic analysis data, based on the detailed analysis and comparison of carbon emissions history, the carbon emissions situation of the two countries from various dimensions including economic development, energy reserves and consumption, etc. were comparatively analyzed. The carbon intensity and energy structure after achieving the objectives were measured and compared by focusing on the carbon emissions reduction targets in China and India. The comparative results show that: China’s total carbon emissions are greater than India’s, but the growth rate of emissions, per capita emissions are significantly lower than India’s, while the carbon intensity decreases significantly faster than that of India. China has taken more efforts to make commitments to carbon reduction than India. With India’s energy structure adjustment, the situation will be gradually better than that in China.     

Assessment of Geomagnetic Hazard to Power Systems in Canada

This paper presents an assessment ofgeomagnetic hazard on the five largest power systemsin Canada. From east to west these are: Nova ScotiaPower, Hydro-Quebec, Ontario Hydro West System, Manitoba Hydro, and the northern B.C. Hydro system. The aim of this study was to determine howfrequently, and where in a system, largegeomagnetically induced currents (GIC) could beexpected. To do this, an analysis was made of thespectral characteristics of the magnetic fieldvariations that cause GIC, and a review was made ofpublished magnetotelluric soundings in order todetermine conductivity models for different parts ofthe country. The magnetic field spectra and theconductivity information were then used to determinethe electric fields produced during geomagneticdisturbances. A relation was determined betweenelectric field magnitudes and the magnetic activityindex, Kp so that statistics for Kp could be used todetermine the occurrence rates of large electricfields. Power system models were used to determinethe GIC produced by the `1-year' and `10-year'electric fields experienced by each power system.     

Rainfall flood hazard at nuclear power plants in India

Flood hazard evaluation is an important input for Nuclear Power Plants external events safety studies. In the present study, flood hazard at various nuclear sites in India due to rainfall has been evaluated. Hazard estimation is a statistical procedure by which rainfall intensity versus occurrence frequency is estimated from historical records of rainfall data and extrapolated with asymptotic extreme value distribution. Rainfall data needed for flood hazard assessment are daily annual maximum rainfall (24?h data). The observed data points have been fitted using Gumbel, power law and exponential distribution, and return period has been estimated. To study the stationarity of rainfall data, a moving window estimate of the parameters has been performed. The rainfall pattern is stationary in both coastal and inland regions over the period of observation. The coastal regions show intense rainfall and higher variability than inland regions. Based on the plant layout, catchment area and drainage capacity, the prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR) site is unlikely to be flooded.     

新疆尼勒克、巩留县交界6.0级地震测震应急流动台站架设及经验探讨

对新疆尼勒克、巩留交界6.0级地震测震应急流动台站的架设工作进行总结,针对应急流动台站的台址勘选、仪器设备的安装架设形式及数据实时传输等方面进行分析,总结经验,发现不足.期望对今后的地震现场应急流动测震台站的安装架设起到一定的参考作用.     

当前固体矿产勘查评价中几个问题的探讨

建议:一、将资源/储量核实报告中消耗的资源量不赋予资源/储量类别,用消耗二字拼音的首字母XH来代替;但应说明消耗的是原报告中什么类别的资源/储量及本次工作各类资源/储量的变化情况。二、地质报告中矿体的划分应根据成矿时有用矿物聚积体的赋存状态来划分,而不是以现在的存在方式来划分;三、勘查线剖面的终点应标注在倾斜方向或按左东右西的原则标注在方位角小的端点处,方位为正北时取360°。     

基于分布式光纤传感技术的流速测量方法研究

简要介绍了分布式光纤传感技术的流速测量方法的主要仪器设备。在研究加热光纤与流水之间传热过程的基础上,推导了流速与光纤稳定温升、加热功率等参数之间的基于分布式光纤传感技术的流速测量方法的理论方程。设计了模型试验,对不同流速与加热功率下,光纤温升情况进行了试验研究。在试验数据分析的基础上,研究了静水与流水中光纤温升情况,结果表明：所有温升曲线都可以分为上升和稳定两个阶段,流水中的光纤温升明显低于静水中的光纤温升,两者的差值随着功率及流速的不同而不同。加热功率越大,两者温差越大;流速越大,温差越大。研究了加热功率对静水中光纤温升的影响,通过分析发现：静水中的光纤稳定温升与加热功率之间存在着良好的线性关系。重点分析了在一定功率下,流速与光纤稳定温升之间的关系,结果表明光纤稳定温升与水流速度呈非直线的反比关系。最后,对该方法进行了讨论,提出了下一步研究建议。     

节水钻探系统井下工况判断水力模型

节水钻探是基于解决干旱地区和漏失地层钻探严重缺水问题而发展起来的一项最新技术,其通过实现钻井液的孔底局部循环,使钻进过程中的用水量降为原来的5%～20%。节水钻探系统在使用过程中,由于孔内不返水,在地表只能通过观察压力表的变化量来判断孔内工况,精度不高。通过研究,最终解决通过地表压力变化值来判断孔内工作情况的量化问题,建立初步理论模型,从而更加准确地判断孔内的工况,使这套钻具更快地应用到实际工程中。